Extended Recursive Bands StrategyThe original indicator was created by alexgrover .
All credit goes to alexgrover for creating the indicator that this strategy uses.
This strategy was posted because there were multiple requests for it, and no strategy based on this indicator exists yet.
The Recursive Bands Indicator, an indicator specially created to be extremely efficient, I think you already know that calculation time is extra important in algorithmic trading, and this is the principal motivation for the creation of the proposed indicator. Originally described in Alex's paper "Pierrefeu, Alex (2019): Recursive Bands - A New Indicator For Technical Analysis", the indicator framework has been widely used in his previous uploaded indicators, however it would have been a shame to not upload it, however user experience being a major concern for me, I decided to add extra options, which explain the term "extended".
The Indicator
The indicator displays one upper and one lower band, every common usages applied to bands indicators such as support/resistance , breakout, trailing stop, etc, can also be applied to this one. Length controls how reactive the bands are, higher values will make the bands cross the price less often.
In order to provide more flexibility for the user alexgrover added the option to use various methods for the calculation of the indicator, therefore the indicator can use the average true range , standard deviation, average high-low range, and one totally exclusive method specially designed for this indicator.
Added logic:
We have implemented a logic that checks whether the bands have been following in the same direction for a set amount of bars. This logic must be true before it can enter trades. This is completely new code that was written by us entirely, and it makes a huge difference on strategy performance.
Strategy Long conditions:
1 — Price low is below the the lower band.
2 — The lower band keeps increasing in value until the 'lookback' setting amount of bars is reached.
Strategy Short conditions:
1 — Price high is above the upper band.
2 — The upper band keeps decreasing in value until the 'lookback' setting amount of bars is reached.
Strategy Properties:
We have set a default commission of 0.06% because these are Bybit's fees. The strategy uses an order size of 10% of equity, since drawdown is very low like this. We also use a 10 tick slippage to keep results realistic and account for this. All other settings were left as default apart from initial capital, just to decrease the size of the numbers.
In den Scripts nach "algo" suchen
Day Trading Booster by DGTTiming when day trading can be everything
In Stock markets typically more volatility (or price activity) occurs at market opening and closings
When it comes to Forex (foreign exchange market), the world’s most traded market, unlike other financial markets, there is no centralized marketplace, currencies trade over the counter in whatever market is open at that time, where time becomes of more importance and key to get better trading opportunities. There are four major forex trading sessions, which are Sydney , Tokyo , London and New York sessions
Forex market is traded 24 hours a day, 5 days a week across by banks, institutions and individual traders worldwide, but that doesn’t mean it’s always active the entire day. It may be very difficult time trying to make money when the market doesn’t move at all. The busiest times with highest trading volume occurs during the overlap of the London and New York trading sessions, because U.S. dollar (USD) and the Euro (EUR) are the two most popular currencies traded. Typically most of the trading activity for a specific currency pair will occur when the trading sessions of the individual currencies overlap. For example, Australian Dollar (AUD) and Japanese Yen (JPY) will experience a higher trading volume when both Sydney and Tokyo sessions are open
There is one influence that impacts Forex matkets and should not be forgotten : the release of the significant news and reports. When a major announcement is made regarding economic data, currency can lose or gain value within a matter of seconds
Cryptocurrency markets on the other hand remain open 24/7, even during public holidays
Until 2021, the Asian impact was so significant in Cryptocurrency markets but recent reasearch reports shows that those patterns have changed and the correlation with the U.S. trading hours is becoming a clear evolving trend.
Unlike any other market Crypto doesn’t rest on weekends, there’s a drop-off in participation and yet algorithmic trading bots and market makers (or liquidity providers) can create a high volume of activity. Never trust the weekend’ is a good thing to remind yourself
One more factor that needs to be taken into accout is Blockchain transaction fees, which are responsive to network congestion and can change dramatically from one hour to the next
In general, Cryptocurrency markets are highly volatile, which means that the price of a coin can change dramatically over a short time period in either direction
The Bottom Line
The more traders trading, the higher the trading volume, and the more active the market. The more active the market, the higher the liquidity (availability of counterparties at any given time to exit or enter a trade), hence the tighter the spreads (the difference between ask and bid price) and the less slippage (the difference between the expected fill price and the actual fill price) - in a nutshell, yield to many good trading opportunities and better order execution (a process of filling the requested buy or sell order)
The best time to trade is when the market is the most active and therefore has the largest trading volume, trading all day long will not only deplete a trader's reserves quickly, but it can burn out even the most persistent trader. Knowing when the markets are more active will give traders peace of mind, that opportunities are not slipping away when they take their eyes off the markets or need to get a few hours of sleep
What does the Day Trading Booster do?
Day Trading Booster is designed ;
- to assist in determining market peak times, the times where better trading opportunities may arise
- to assist in determining the probable trading opportunities
- to help traders create their own strategies. An example strategy of when to trade or not is presented below
For Forex markets specifically includes
- Opening channel of Asian session, Europien session or both
- Opening price, opening range (5m or 15m) and day (session) range of the major trading center sessions, including Frankfurt
- A tabular view of the major forex markets oppening/closing hours, with a countdown timer
- A graphical presentation of typically traded volume and various forext markets oppening/clossing events (not only the major markets but many other around the world)
For All type of markets Day Trading Booster plots
- Day (Session) Open, 5m, 15m or 1h Opening Range
- Day (Session) Referance Levels, based on Average True Range (ATR) or Previous Day (Session) Range (PH - PL)
- Week and Month Open
Day Trading Booster also includes some of the day trader's preffered indicaotrs, such as ;
- VWAP - A custom interpretaion of VWAP is presented here with Auto, Interactive and Manual anchoring options.
- Pivot High/Low detection - Another custom interpretation of Pivot Points High Low indicator.
- A Moving Average with option to choose among SMA, EMA, WMA and HMA
An example strategy - Channel Bearkout Strategy
When day trading a trader usually monitors/analyzes lower timeframe charts and from time to time may loose insight of what really happens on the market from higher time porspective. Do not to forget to look at the larger time frame (than the one chosen to trade with) which gives the bigger picture of market price movements and thus helps to clearly define the trend
Disclaimer : Trading success is all about following your trading strategy and the indicators should fit within your trading strategy, and not to be traded upon solely
The script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitutes professional and/or financial advice. You alone the sole responsibility of evaluating the script output and risks associated with the use of the script. In exchange for using the script, you agree not to hold dgtrd TradingView user liable for any possible claim for damages arising from any decision you make based on use of the script
POALibrary "POA"
This library is a client script for making a webhook signal formatted string to POABOT server.
entry_message(password, percent, leverage, kis_number)
Create a entry message for POABOT
Parameters:
password : (string) The password of your bot.
percent : (float) The percent for entry based on your wallet balance.
leverage : (int) The leverage of entry. If not set, your levereage doesn't change.
kis_number : (int) The number of koreainvestment account.
Returns: (string) A json formatted string for webhook message.
close_message(password, percent, kis_number)
Create a close message for POABOT
Parameters:
password : (string) The password of your bot.
percent : (float) The percent for close based on your wallet balance.
kis_number : (int) The number of koreainvestment account.
Returns: (string) A json formatted string for webhook message.
exit_message(password, percent)
Create a exit message for POABOT
Parameters:
password : (string) The password of your bot.
percent : (float) The percent for exit based on your wallet balance.
Returns: (string) A json formatted string for webhook message.
in_trade(start_time, end_time)
Create a trade start line
Parameters:
start_time : (int) The start of time.
end_time : (int) The end of time.
Returns: (bool) Get bool for trade based on time range.
Adaptive VWAP Stdev BandsIntroduction
Heyo, here are some adaptive VWAP Standard Deviation Bands with nice colors.
I used Ehlers dominant cycle theories and ZLSMA smoothing to create this indicator.
You can choose between different algorithms to determine the dominant cycle and this will be used as reset period.
Everytime bar_index can be divided through the dominant cycle length and the result is zero VWAP resets if have chosen an adaptive mode in the settings.
The other reset event you can use is just a simple time-based event, e.g. reset every day.
Usage
I think people buy/sell when it reaches extreme zones.
Enjoy!
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Credits to:
@SandroTurriate - VWAP Stdev Bands
@blackcat1402 - Dominant Cycle Analysis
@DasanC - Dominant Cycle Analysis
@veryfid - ZLSMA
(Sry, too lazy for linking)
I took parts of their code. Ty guys for your work! Just awesome.
FFT Strategy Bi-Directional Stop/Profit/Trailing + VMA + AroonThis strategy uses the Fast Fourier Transform inspired from the source code of @tbiktag for the Fast Fourier Transform & @lazybear for the VMA filter.
If you are not familiar with the Fast Fourier transform it is a variation of the Discrete Fourier Transform. Veritasium on youtube has a great video on it with a follow up recommendation from 3brown1blue. In short it will extract all the frequencies from a set of data. @tbiktag laid the groundwork for creating the indicator which will allow you to isolate only those signals which are the most relevant and remove the noise. I recommend having @tbiktag's FFT Transform indicator side by side with this to understand what my variation is doing by setting similar settings .
Using this idea, you can then optimize a strategy to the frequencies that are best. The main entry signal is when the FFT Signal crosses above or below the 0 line .
Included with this strategy is the ability to optionally bi-directionally set:
Stop Loss
Trailing Stop Loss
Take Profit
Trailing Take Profit
Entries are optionally further filtered by use of the VMA using the algorithm from LazyBear which allows you to adjust a variable moving average with 3 market trend detections. Green represents upwards momentum; Blue sideways trading and Red downwards momentum. The idea being to filter out buy or sell entries unless the market is moving in that direction, and this makes a big difference as you can see for yourself when you turn it off or on. Turning it off will change the color of the FFT signal to orange instead of the green, blue, red colors .
I have added 2 custom stop loss types as well for experimentation:
1. VMA Filter stop loss to exit the trade if the VMA detects a market trend direction change matching the rules you have set. I have set this to off by default, but it is there so you can see what affect it may have on other tickers. It can increase the profit factor but usually at a cost of net profit.
2. The Aroon Filter stop loss with different lengths for the short or long direction. For the Aroon strategy (which is a trend change detector) it is considered bullish if the upper line (green in my code) is above 70 and the lower line (red in my code) is below 30 and the opposite for the bearish case. With this in mind, I have set it to filter by default only the extreme ends (99 and 1) to increase profit factor and net profit but I encourage you to try different settings and see how it affects things. Turning this off yields much higher net profit but at the cost of the profit factor and drawdown . To disable this just uncheck the 'Use Aroon Filter Long' (or short) and it will also hide the aroon graphics and crosses on the plot.
I will be adding more features in an attempt to lower the drawdown on this strategy but I hope you enjoy what I have so far!
Linear EDCA v1.2Strategy Description:
Linear EDCA (Linear Enhanced Dollar Cost Averaging) is an enhanced version of the DCA fixed investment strategy. It has the following features:
1. Take the 1100-day SMA as a reference indicator, enter the buy range below the moving average, and enter the sell range above the moving average
2. The order to buy and sell is carried out at different "speed", which are set with two linear functions, and you can change the slope of the linear function to achieve different trading position control purposes
3. This fixed investment is a low-frequency strategy and only works on a daily level cycle
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Strategy backtest performance:
BTCUSD (September 2014~September 2022): Net profit margin 26378%, maximum floating loss 47.12% (2015-01-14)
ETHUSD (August 2018~September 2022): Net profit margin 1669%, maximum floating loss 49.63% (2018-12-14)
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How the strategy works:
Buying Conditions:
The closing price of the day is below the 1100 SMA, and the ratio of buying positions is determined by the deviation of the closing price from the moving average and the buySlope parameter
Selling Conditions:
The closing price of the day is above the 1100 SMA, and the ratio of the selling position is determined by the deviation of the closing price and the moving average and the sellSlope parameter
special case:
When the sellOffset parameter>0, it will maintain a small buy within a certain range above the 1100 SMA to avoid prematurely starting to sell
The maximum ratio of a single buy position does not exceed defInvestRatio * maxBuyRate
The maximum ratio of a single sell position does not exceed defInvestRatio * maxSellRate
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Version Information:
Current version v1.2 (the first officially released version)
v1.2 version setting parameter description:
defInvestRatio: The default fixed investment ratio, the strategy will calculate the position ratio of a single fixed investment based on this ratio and a linear function. The default 0.025 represents 2.5% of the position
buySlope: the slope of the linear function of the order to buy, used to control the position ratio of a single buy
sellSlope: the slope of the linear function of the order to sell, used to control the position ratio of a single sell
sellOffset: The offset of the order to sell. If it is greater than 0, it will keep a small buy within a certain range to avoid starting to sell too early
maxSellRate: Controls the maximum sell multiple. The maximum ratio of a single sell position does not exceed defInvestRatio * maxSellRate
maxBuyRate: Controls the maximum buy multiple. The maximum ratio of a single buy position does not exceed defInvestRatio * maxBuyRate
maPeriod: the length of the moving average, 1100-day MA is used by default
smoothing: moving average smoothing algorithm, SMA is used by default
useDateFilter: Whether to specify a date range when backtesting
settleOnEnd: If useDateFilter==true, whether to close the position after the end date
startDate: If useDateFilter==true, specify the backtest start date
endDate: If useDateFilter==true, specify the end date of the backtest
investDayofweek: Invest on the day of the week, the default is to close on Monday
intervalDays: The minimum number of days between each invest. Since it is calculated on a weekly basis, this number must be 7 or a multiple of 7
The v1.2 version data window indicator description (only important indicators are listed):
MA: 1100-day SMA
RoR%: floating profit and loss of the current position
maxLoss%: The maximum floating loss of the position. Note that this floating loss represents the floating loss of the position, and does not represent the floating loss of the overall account. For example, the current position is 1%, the floating loss is 50%, the overall account floating loss is 0.5%, but the position floating loss is 50%
maxGain%: The maximum floating profit of the position. Note that this floating profit represents the floating profit of the position, and does not represent the floating profit of the overall account.
positionPercent%: position percentage
positionAvgPrice: position average holding cost
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策略说明：
Linear EDCA（Linear Enhanced Dollar Cost Averaging）是一个DCA定投策略的增强版本，它具有如下特性：
1. 以1100日SMA均线作为参考指标，在均线以下进入定买区间，在均线以上进入定卖区间
2. 定买和定卖以不同的“速率”进行，它们用两条线性函数设定，并且你可以通过改变线性函数的斜率，以达到不同的买卖仓位控制的目的
3. 本定投作为低频策略，只在日级别周期工作
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策略回测表现：
BTCUSD（2014年09月~2022年09月）：净利润率26378%，最大浮亏47.12%（2015-01-14）
ETHUSD（2018年08~2022年09月）：净利润率1669%，最大浮亏49.63%（2018-12-14）
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策略工作原理：
买入条件：
当日收盘价在 1100 SMA 之下，由收盘价和均线的偏离度，以及buySlope参数决定买入仓位比例
卖出条件：
当日收盘价在 1100 SMA之上，由收盘价和均线的偏离度，以及sellSlope参数决定卖出仓位比例
特例：
当sellOffset参数>0，则在 1100 SMA以上一定范围内还会保持小幅买入，避免过早开始卖出
单次买入仓位比例最大不超过 defInvestRatio * maxBuyRate
单次卖出仓位比例最大不超过 defInvestRatio * maxSellRate
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版本信息：
当前版本v1.2（第一个正式发布的版本）
v1.2版本设置参数说明：
defInvestRatio: 默认定投比例，策略会根据此比例和线性函数计算得出单次定投的仓位比例。默认0.025代表2.5%仓位
buySlope: 定买的线性函数斜率，用来控制单次买入的仓位倍率
sellSlope: 定卖的线性函数斜率，用来控制单次卖出的仓位倍率
sellOffset: 定卖的偏移度，如果大于0，则在一定范围内还会保持小幅买入，避免过早开始卖出
maxSellRate: 控制最大卖出倍率。单次卖出仓位比例最大不超过 defInvestRatio * maxSellRate
maxBuyRate: 控制最大买入倍率。单次买入仓位比例最大不超过 defInvestRatio * maxBuyRate
maPeriod: 均线长度，默认使用1100日MA
smoothing: 均线平滑算法，默认使用SMA
useDateFilter: 回测时是否要指定日期范围
settleOnEnd: 如果useDateFilter==true，在结束日之后是否平仓所持有的仓位平仓
startDate: 如果useDateFilter==true，指定回测开始日期
endDate: 如果useDateFilter==true，指定回测结束日期
investDayofweek: 每次在周几定投，默认在每周一收盘
intervalDays: 每次定投之间的最小间隔天数，由于是按周计算，所以此数字必须是7或7的倍数
v1.2版本数据窗口指标说明（只列出重要指标）：
MA：1100日SMA
RoR%: 当前仓位的浮动盈亏
maxLoss%: 仓位曾经的最大浮动亏损，注意此浮亏代表持仓仓位的浮亏情况，并不代表整体账户浮亏情况。例如当前仓位是1%，浮亏50%，整体账户浮亏是0.5%，但仓位浮亏是50%
maxGain%: 仓位曾经的最大浮动盈利，注意此浮盈代表持仓仓位的浮盈情况，并不代表整体账户浮盈情况。
positionPercent%: 仓位持仓占比
positionAvgPrice: 仓位平均持仓成本
[blackcat] L3 KAMA Trend Trading SystemLevel: 3
Background
Kaufman’s Adaptive Moving Average ( KAMA ) was developed by American quantitative financial theorist Perry J. Kaufman in 1998.
Function
This is an improved KAMA trading system with my customized algorithm.You can use KAMA like any other trend-following indicator, such as a moving average. You can look for price crosses, directional changes and filtered signals. First, a cross above or below KAMA indicates directional changes in prices. As with any moving average, a simple crossover system will generate lots of signals and lots of whipsaws. Second, You can use the direction of KAMA to define the overall trend for a security. This may require a parameter adjustment to smooth the indicator further. You can change the fastline and slowline parameters to smooth KAMA and look for directional changes. The trend is down as long as KAMA is falling and forging lower lows. The trend is up as long as KAMA is rising and forging higher highs. Finally, You can combine signals and techniques. You can use a longer-term KAMA to define the bigger trend and a shorter-term KAMA for trading signals.
I have included in the indicator an input named "EnableSmooth" that allows you to determine if the KAMA line should be smoothed or not. A "True" as the input value smoothes the calculation. An "False" simply plots the raw KAMA line. When market volatility is low, Kaufman’s Adaptive Moving Average remains near the current market price, but when volatility increases, it will lag behind. What the KAMA indicator aims to do is filter out “market noise” – insignificant, temporary surges in price action. One of the primary weaknesses of traditional moving averages is that when used for trading signals, they tend to generate many false signals. The KAMA indicator seeks to lessen this tendency – generate fewer false signals – by not responding to short-term, insignificant price movements. Traders generally use the moving average indicator to identify market trends and reversals.
Remarks
Feedbacks are appreciated.
Swing Oscillator [AstrideUnicorn]The Swing Oscillator is an indicator that can help you catch small price movements, called swings. Swings are minor trends that occur when price moves between the highs and lows of a trend or range. Because of the short-term nature of swings, a new movement should be identified as soon as possible.
The indicator is based on our original formula, which averages the length of candlestick bodies and compares the result to several thresholds. This allows the algorithm to determine the direction and strength of the price movement.
HOW TO USE
When the indicator is above the zero level and colored green, it means that the price is in an upward swing. When the indicator is below the zero level and colored red, the price is in a downward swing. When the indicator is blue, the price swing is slowing down or the market is moving sideways. The amplitude of the oscillator shows the price volatility.
Stochastic Vix Fix SVIX (Tartigradia)The Stochastic Vix or Stochastic VixFix (SVIX), just like the Williams VixFix, is a realized volatility indicator, and can help in finding market bottoms as well as tops without requiring bollinger bands or any other construct, as the SVIX is bounded between 0-100 which allows for an objective thresholding regardless of the past.
Mathematically, SVIX is the complement of the original Stochastic Oscillator, with such a simple transform reproducing Williams' VixFix and the VIX index signals of high volatility and hence of market bottoms quite accurately but within a bounded 0-100 range. Having a predefined range allows to find markets bottoms without needing to compare to past prices using a bollinger band (Chris Moody on TradingView) nor a moving average (Hesta 2015), as a simple threshold condition (by default above 80) is sufficient to reliably signal interesting entry points at bottoming prices.
Having a predefined range allows to find markets bottoms without needing to compare to past prices using a bollinger band (Chris Moody on TradingView) nor a moving average (Hesta 2015), as a simple threshold condition (by default above 80) is sufficient to reliably signal interesting entry points at bottoming prices.
Indeed, as Williams describes in his paper, markets tend to find the lowest prices during times of highest volatility, which usually accompany times of highest fear.
Although the VixFix originally only indicates market bottoms, the Stochastic VixFix can also indicate good times to exit, when SVIX is at a low value (default: below 20), but just like the original VixFix and VIX index, exit signals are as usual much less reliable than long entries signals, because: 1) mature markets such as SP500 tend to increase over the long term, 2) when market fall, retail traders panic and hence volatility skyrockets and bottom is more reliably signalled, but at market tops, no one is panicking, price action only loses momentum because of liquidity drying up.
Compared to Hesta 2015 strategy of using a moving average over Williams' VixFix to generate entry signals, SVIX generates much fewer false positives during ranging markets, which drastically reduce Hesta 2015 strategy profitability as this incurs quite a lot of losses.
This indicator goes further than the original SVIX, by restoring the smoothed D and second-level smoothed D2 oscillators from the original Stochastic Oscillator, and use a 14-period ZLMA instead of the original 20-period SMA, to generate smoother yet responsive signals compared to using just the raw SVIX (by default, this is disabled, as the original raw SVIX is used to produce more entry signals).
Usage:
Set the timescale to daily or weekly preferably, to reduce false positives.
When the background is highlighted in green or when the highlight disappears, it is usually a good time to enter a long position.
Red background highlighting can be enabled to signal good exit zones, but these generate a lot of false positives.
To further reduce false positives, the SVIX_MA can be used to generate signals instead of the raw SVIX.
For more information on Williams' Vix Fix, which is a strategy published under public domain:
The VIX Fix, Larry Williams, Active Trader magazine, December 2007, web.archive.org
Fixing the VIX: An Indicator to Beat Fear, Amber Hestla-Barnhart, Journal of Technical Analysis, March 13, 2015, ssrn.com
For more information on the Stochastic Vix Fix (SVIX), published under Creative Commons:
Replicating the CBOE VIX using a synthetic volatility index trading algorithm, Dayne Cary and Gary van Vuuren, Cogent Economics & Finance, Volume 7, 2019, Issue 1, doi.org
Note: strangely, in the paper, the authors failed to mention that the SVIX is the complement of the original Stochastic Oscillator, instead reproducing just the original equation. The correct equation for the SVIX was retroengineered by comparing charts they published in the paper with charts generated by this pinescript indicator.
For a more complete indicator, see:
Williams Vix Fix OHLC candles plot indicator (Tartigradia)OHLC candles plot of the Williams VixFix indicator, which allows to draw trend lines.
Williams VixFix is a realized volatility indicator developed by Larry Williams, and can help in finding market bottoms.
Indeed, as Williams describe in his paper, markets tend to find the lowest prices during times of highest volatility, which usually accompany times of highest fear. The VixFix is calculated as how much the current low price statistically deviates from the maximum within a given look-back period.
The Williams VixFix indicator is usually presented as a curve or histogram. The novelty of this indicator is to present the data as a OHLC candles plot: whereas the original Williams VixFix calculation only involves the close value, we here use the open, high and low values as well. This led to some mathematical challenges because some of these calculations led to absurd values, so workarounds had to be found, but in the end I think the result was worth it, it reproduces the VIX chart quite well.
A great additional value of the OHLC chart is that it shows not just the close value, but all the values during the session: open, high and low in addition to close. This allows to draw trend lines and can provide additional information on momentum and sentiment. In addition, other indicators can be used on it, as if it was a price chart, such as RSI indicators (see RSI+ (alt) indicator for example).
For more information on the Vix Fix, which is a strategy published under public domain:
The VIX Fix, Larry Williams, Active Trader magazine, December 2007, web.archive.org
Fixing the VIX: An Indicator to Beat Fear, Amber Hestla-Barnhart, Journal of Technical Analysis, March 13, 2015, ssrn.com
Replicating the CBOE VIX using a synthetic volatility index trading algorithm, Dayne Cary and Gary van Vuuren, Cogent Economics & Finance, Volume 7, 2019, Issue 1, doi.org
This indicator includes only the Williams VixFix as an OHLC candles or bars plot, and price / vixfix candles plot, as well as the typical vixfix histogram. Indeed, it is much more practical for unbounded range indicators to be plotted in their own separate panel, hence why this indicator is released separately, so that it can work and be scaled adequately out of the box.
Note that the there are however no bottom buy signals. For a more complete indicator, which also includes the OHLC candles plots present here, but also bottom signals and Inverse VixFix (top signals), see:
Set Index symbol to SPX, and index_current = false, and timeframe Weekly, to reproduce the original VIX as close as possible by the VIXFIX (use the Add Symbol option, because you want to plot CBOE:VIX on the same timeframe as the current chart, which may include extended session / weekends). With the Weekly timeframe, off days / extended session days should not change much, but with lower timeframes this is important, because nights and weekends can change how the graph appears and seemingly make them different because of timing misalignment when in reality they are not when properly aligned.
Williams Vix Fix ultra complete indicator (Tartigradia)Williams VixFix is a realized volatility indicator developed by Larry Williams, and can help in finding market bottoms.
Indeed, as Williams describe in his paper, markets tend to find the lowest prices during times of highest volatility, which usually accompany times of highest fear. The VixFix is calculated as how much the current low price statistically deviates from the maximum within a given look-back period.
Although the VixFix originally only indicates market bottoms, its inverse may indicate market tops. As masa_crypto writes : "The inverse can be formulated by considering "how much the current high value statistically deviates from the minimum within a given look-back period." This transformation equates Vix_Fix_inverse. This indicator can be used for finding market tops, and therefore, is a good signal for a timing for taking a short position." However, in practice, the Inverse VixFix is much less reliable than the classical VixFix, but is nevertheless a good addition to get some additional context.
For more information on the Vix Fix, which is a strategy published under public domain:
* The VIX Fix, Larry Williams, Active Trader magazine, December 2007, web.archive.org
* Fixing the VIX: An Indicator to Beat Fear, Amber Hestla-Barnhart, Journal of Technical Analysis, March 13, 2015, ssrn.com
* Replicating the CBOE VIX using a synthetic volatility index trading algorithm, Dayne Cary and Gary van Vuuren, Cogent Economics & Finance, Volume 7, 2019, Issue 1, doi.org
Created By ChrisMoody on 12-26-2014...
V3 MAJOR Update on 1-05-2014
tista merged LazyBear's Black Dots filter in 2020:
Extended by Tartigradia in 10-2022:
* Can select a symbol different from current to calculate vixfix, allows to select SP:SPX to mimic the original VIX index.
* Inverse VixFix (from masa_crypto and web.archive.org)
* VixFix OHLC Bars plot
* Price / VixFix Candles plot (Pro Tip: draw trend lines to find good entry/exit points)
* Add ADX filtering, Minimaxis signals, Minimaxis filtering (from samgozman )
* Convert to pinescript v5
* Allow timeframe selection (MTF)
* Skip off days (more accurate reproduction of original VIX)
* Reorganized, cleaned up code, commented out parts, commented out or removed unused code (eg, some of the KC calculations)
* Changed default Bollinger Band settings to reduce false positives in crypto markets.
Set Index symbol to SPX, and index_current = false, and timeframe Weekly, to reproduce the original VIX as close as possible by the VIXFIX (use the Add Symbol option, because you want to plot CBOE:VIX on the same timeframe as the current chart, which may include extended session / weekends). With the Weekly timeframe, off days / extended session days should not change much, but with lower timeframes this is important, because nights and weekends can change how the graph appears and seemingly make them different because of timing misalignment when in reality they are not when properly aligned.
HMA w/ SSE-Dynamic EWMA Volatility Bands [Loxx]This indicator is for educational purposes to lay the groundwork for future closed/open source indicators. Some of thee future indicators will employ parameter estimation methods described below, others will require complex solvers such as the Nelder-Mead algorithm on log likelihood estimations to derive optimal parameter values for omega, gamma, alpha, and beta for GARCH(1,1) MLE and other volatility metrics. For our purposes here, we estimate the rolling lambda (λ) value used to calculate EWMA by minimizing of the sum of the squared errors minus the long-run variance--a rolling window of the one year mean of squared log-returns. In practice, practitioners will use a λ equal to a standardized value put out by institutions such as JP Morgan. Even simpler than this, others use a ratio of (per - 1) / (per + 1) to derive λ where per is the lookback period for EWMA. Due to computation limits in Pine, we'll likely not see a true GARCH(1,1) MLE on Pine for quite some time, but future closed source indicators will contain some very interesting industry hacks to get close by employing modifications to EWMA. Enjoy!
Exponentially weighted volatility and its relationship to GARCH(1,1)
Exponentially weighted volatility--also called exponentially weighted moving average volatility (EWMA)--puts more weight on more recent observations. EWMA is calculated as follows:
σ*2 = λσ(n - 1)^2 + (1 − λ)u(n - 1)^2
The estimate, σn, of the volatility for day n (made at the end of day n − 1) is calculated from σn −1 (the estimate that was made at the end of day n − 2 of the volatility for day n − 1) and u^n−1 (the most recent daily percentage change).
The EWMA approach has the attractive feature that the data storage requirements are modest. At any given time, we need to remember only the current estimate of the variance rate and the most recent observation on the value of the market variable. When we get a new observation on the value of the market variable, we calculate a new daily percentage change to update our estimate of the variance rate. The old estimate of the variance rate and the old value of the market variable can then be discarded.
The EWMA approach is designed to track changes in the volatility. Suppose there is a big move in the market variable on day n − 1 so that u2n−1 is large. This causes our estimate of the current volatility to move upward. The value of λ governs how responsive the estimate of the daily volatility is to the most recent daily percentage change. A low value of λ leads to a great deal of weight being given to the u(n−1)^2 when σn is calculated. In this case, the estimates produced for the volatility on successive days are themselves highly volatile. A high value of λ (i.e., a value close to 1.0) produces estimates of the daily volatility that respond relatively slowly to new information provided by the daily percentage change.
The RiskMetrics database, which was originally created by JPMorgan and made publicly available in 1994, used the EWMA model with λ = 0.94 for updating daily volatility estimates. The company found that, across a range of different market variables, this value of λ gives forecasts of the variance rate that come closest to the realized variance rate. In 2006, RiskMetrics switched to using a long memory model. This is a model where the weights assigned to the u(n -i)^2 as i increases decline less fast than in EWMA.
GARCH(1,1) Model
The EWMA model is a particular case of GARCH(1,1) where γ = 0, α = 1 − λ, and β = λ. The “(1,1)” in GARCH(1,1) indicates that σ^2 is based on the most recent observation of u^2 and the most recent estimate of the variance rate. The more general GARCH(p, q) model calculates σ^2 from the most recent p observations on u2 and the most recent q estimates of the variance rate.7 GARCH(1,1) is by far the most popular of the GARCH models. Setting ω = γVL, the GARCH(1,1) model can also be written:
σ(n)^2 = ω + αu(n-1)^2 + βσ(n-1)^2
What this indicator does
Calculate log returns log(close/close(1))
Calculates Lambda (λ) dynamically by minimizing the sum of squared errors. I've restricted this to the daily timeframe so as to not bloat the code with additional logic required to derive an annualized EWMA historical volatility metric.
After the Lambda is derived, EWMA is calculated one last time and the result is the daily volatility
This daily volatility is multiplied by the source and the multiplier +/- the HMA to create the volatility bands
Finally, daily volatility is multiplied by the square-root of days per year to derive annualized volatility. Years are trading days for the asset, for most everything but crypto, its 252, for crypto is 365.
RSI Buy & Sell Trading ScriptThis is my first attempt at a trading script using the RSI indicator for Buy & Sell signals (so please be nice but would appreciate any constructive comments).
Starting with $100 initial capital and using 10% per trade
You can select which month the backtesting starts
There is also a monthly table (sorry can’t remember who I got this from) that shows the total monthly profits, but you’ll need to turn it on by going into settings, Properties and in the Recalculate section tick the “On every tick” box
It should do the following:
Open Buy order if the RSI > 68 and the current Moving Average is greater than the previous Moving average
• TP1 = 50% of Order at 0.4%
• TP2 = 50% of order at 0.8%
• SL = 2% below entry
• Close Buy order if the RSI < 30
Open Sell order if the RSI < 28 and the current Moving Average is less than the previous Moving average
• TP1 = 50% of Order at 0.4%
• TP2 = 50% of order at 0.8%
• SL = 2% above entry
• Close Buy order if the RSI < 60
I would like to build on this if you have any ideas/ code that could help like the following:
• Move the SL to break even when it hits TP1
• Move the SL to TP1 when TP2 hits
• Moving take profit code so I can let the some of the trade stay in play (activate if it hits 1% profit and close trade if price retracts 0.5%)
ctndLibrary "ctnd"
Description:
Double precision algorithm to compute the cumulative trivariate normal distribution
found in A.Genz, Numerical computation of rectangular bivariate and trivariate normal
and t probabilities”, Statistics and Computing, 14, (3), 2004. The cumulative trivariate
normal is needed to price window barrier options, see G.F. Armstrong, Valuation formulae
or window barrier options”, Applied Mathematical Finance, 8, 2001.
References:
link.springer.com
www.tandfonline.com
citeseerx.ist.psu.edu
The Complete Guide to Option Pricing Formulas, 2nd ed. (Espen Gaarder Haug)
CTND(LIMIT1, LIMIT2, LIMIT3, SIGMA1, SIGMA2, SIGMA3)
Returns the Cumulative Trivariate Normal Distribution
Parameters:
LIMIT1 : float,
LIMIT2 : float,
LIMIT3 : float,
SIGMA1 : float,
SIGMA2 : float,
SIGMA3 : float,
Returns: float.
[blackcat] L3 Gradient Swings of Bull and BearLevel 3
Background
Some friends in the TradingView community say that my technical indicators are too complicated to write. Is there anything that is easy to use? This time I will publish a simple indicator to use.
Function
This indicator uses a custom stochastic indicator as its initial value. Calculate the difference between the short-term and long-term EMA moving averages twice. Find the geometric mean of the above values and calculate the variance value. According to this algorithm, two sets of variance values are calculated respectively, one is the fast line and the other is the slow line. Finally, the 22-period EMA of the fast and slow lines is used as the final output value. This output can effectively reflect the band characteristics of the price.
Because this output is relatively smooth, it can effectively filter out clutter noise, so you can clearly see the shape of the entire band. Go long during an uptrend and go short on the contrary. I use red and green gradients for longs and shorts respectively. The entry points are identified by red and green labels at the start of the band. In addition, the filtered peaks and troughs are also the basis for technical divergence judgments, so I added divergence identification lines.
The disadvantage of this indicator is that it is prone to many interference signals in the sideway stage. In order to filter out these signals and extract only useful trend signals, the user can enter a threshold in the settings dialog and select an appropriate display threshold in combination with the amplification factor. This way the part between 0 and the threshold will be grayed out. The gray area is the sideway, where the signal can be ignored.
Remarks
Feedbacks are appreciated.
MovingAveragesLibrary "MovingAverages"
vawma(len, src, volumeDefault)
VAWMA = VWMA and WMA combined. Simply put, this attempts to determine the average price per share over time weighted heavier for recent values. Uses a triangular algorithm to taper off values in the past (same as WMA does).
Parameters:
len : The number of bars to measure with.
src : The series to measure from. Default is 'hlc3'.
volumeDefault : The default value to use when a chart has no (N/A) volume.
Returns: The volume adjusted triangular weighted moving average of the series.
cma(n, D, C, compound)
Coefficient Moving Avereage (CMA) is a variation of a moving average that can simulate SMA or WMA with the advantage of previous data.
Parameters:
n : The number of bars to measure with.
D : The series to measure from. Default is 'close'.
C : The coefficient to use when averaging. 0 behaves like SMA, 1 behaves like WMA.
compound : When true (default is false) will use a compounding method for weighting the average.
ema(len, src)
Same as ta.ema(src,len) but properly ignores NA values.
Parameters:
len : The number of samples to derive the average from.
src : The series to measure from. Default is 'close'.
wma(len, src, startingWeight)
Same as ta.wma(src,len) but properly ignores NA values.
Parameters:
len : The number of samples to derive the average from.
src : The series to measure from. Default is 'close'.
startingWeight : The weight to begin with when calculating the average. Higher numbers will decrease the bias.
vwma(len, src, volumeDefault)
Same as ta.vwma(src,len) but properly ignores NA values.
Parameters:
len : The number of bars to measure with.
src : The series to measure from. Default is 'hlc3'.
volumeDefault : The default value to use when a chart has no (N/A) volume.
get(type, len, src)
Generates a moving average based upon a 'type'.
Parameters:
type : The type of moving average to generate. Values allowed are: SMA, EMA, WMA, VWMA and VAWMA.
len : The number of bars to measure with.
src : The series to measure from. Default is 'close'.
Returns: The moving average series requested.
Volume Weighted Reversal BandsThis is a vwap & vwma hybrid with upper & lower deviation bands that provide excellent price channels and reversal areas. It can be used on lower & higher timeframes, just increase the deviation % for higher timeframes. Try out the 1 minute timeframe with .5% deviation for great scalping levels.
Here is the calculation used for the main line.
(VWMA100 + VWMA500 + VWMA1000 + VWAP) / 4
So it combines 3 VWMAs with the VWAP and divides that number by 4 to give us a moving average. Then we add new levels above and below that moving average to get our channels. The channels are separated by the % deviation you choose in the settings. For tighter bands, lower the percentage deviation and for wider bands, increase the percentage deviation.
The fattest line in the middle is the main moving average and you can expect price to regularly return to this level. The thick lines are the main moving average plus or minus the percentage deviation you have set. There are 10 levels in each direction from the main moving average. The is also a thin short term moving average as well with a custom calculation. It takes 4 different length moving averages that are weighted and 4 more that are volume weighted and divides the total by 8.The lines will be green when price is above the line and red when price is below the line. The thin white line is the VWAP on its own.
These lines will act as dynamic support and resistance so you can scalp them back and forth. These levels work so well because they are volume weighted and the algos hedge their positions back and forth constantly.
For best results, use this indicator on tickers with the highest volume and trading action as the price will stick to these levels better when the big money players are hedging. Some great tickers for this indicator are APPL, SPY, BTC, ETH.
All colors and linewidths can be customized in the settings easily as well as turning off the VWAP or short moving average and adjusting the percentage deviation for the channels.
***MARKETS***
This indicator can be used on all markets, including stocks, crypto, futures and forex.
***TIMEFRAMES***
This indicator can be used on all timeframes.
***TIPS***
Try using numerous indicators of ours on your chart for extra confirmation. Our favorites to pair with these bands are the Scalper Ribbon and Trend Friend Signals. The 3 combined give you a lot of extra confirmation on whether the market is going to reverse at these levels.
predictions_LUKE_MACVICARThis indicator is the output of our prediction algorithm. You can use these lines to see where the price may head for the day. These lines are great support and resistance in the market and you can play off them accordingly.
Nadaraya-Watson: Rational Quadratic Kernel (Non-Repainting)What is Nadaraya–Watson Regression?
Nadaraya–Watson Regression is a type of Kernel Regression, which is a non-parametric method for estimating the curve of best fit for a dataset. Unlike Linear Regression or Polynomial Regression, Kernel Regression does not assume any underlying distribution of the data. For estimation, it uses a kernel function, which is a weighting function that assigns a weight to each data point based on how close it is to the current point. The computed weights are then used to calculate the weighted average of the data points.
How is this different from using a Moving Average?
A Simple Moving Average is actually a special type of Kernel Regression that uses a Uniform (Retangular) Kernel function. This means that all data points in the specified lookback window are weighted equally. In contrast, the Rational Quadratic Kernel function used in this indicator assigns a higher weight to data points that are closer to the current point. This means that the indicator will react more quickly to changes in the data.
Why use the Rational Quadratic Kernel over the Gaussian Kernel?
The Gaussian Kernel is one of the most commonly used Kernel functions and is used extensively in many Machine Learning algorithms due to its general applicability across a wide variety of datasets. The Rational Quadratic Kernel can be thought of as a Gaussian Kernel on steroids; it is equivalent to adding together many Gaussian Kernels of differing length scales. This allows the user even more freedom to tune the indicator to their specific needs.
The formula for the Rational Quadratic function is:
K(x, x') = (1 + ||x - x'||^2 / (2 * alpha * h^2))^(-alpha)
where x and x' data are points, alpha is a hyperparameter that controls the smoothness (i.e. overall "wiggle") of the curve, and h is the band length of the kernel.
Does this Indicator Repaint?
No, this indicator has been intentionally designed to NOT repaint. This means that once a bar has closed, the indicator will never change the values in its plot. This is useful for backtesting and for trading strategies that require a non-repainting indicator.
Settings:
Bandwidth. This is the number of bars that the indicator will use as a lookback window.
Relative Weighting Parameter. The alpha parameter for the Rational Quadratic Kernel function. This is a hyperparameter that controls the smoothness of the curve. A lower value of alpha will result in a smoother, more stretched-out curve, while a lower value will result in a more wiggly curve with a tighter fit to the data. As this parameter approaches 0, the longer time frames will exert more influence on the estimation, and as it approaches infinity, the curve will become identical to the one produced by the Gaussian Kernel.
Color Smoothing. Toggles the mechanism for coloring the estimation plot between rate of change and cross over modes.
supertrend advanceHELLO FRIENDS ...............THIS IS SUPERTREND ADVANCE WITH HENKIASHI CANDLE ...I got so many request on supertrend with henkiashi. This is for all of them ..I am making it open for all so you can change its coding according to your need
SOME IMPONTENT UPDATE IN THIS SUPERTRNED
1) You Can Use It for option trading ...you can do algo option trading using this strategy
2) YOU CAN USE CUSTOME SYNTAX TO ALGO TRADE IN STOCK,FOREX,COMMODITY AND CRYPTO
3) YO CAN USE IT IN INTRADAY TIME PERIOD ALSO U CAN SET ITS ENTRY AND EXIT TIME
4) YOU CAN USE HENKIASHI SUPERTREND ON NORMAL CANDLE STICK CHART
5) YOU CAN USE ITS QUNTITY FEATURE .BY THIS WAY U CAN DOUBLE YOUR QUNTITY SIZE ON LOSSING TRADE AND WHEN PROIFT TRADE OCCUR ITS QUNTITY AGAIN AUTOMATICALLY SHIFTED TO NORMAL QUNTITY ....THIS FEATURE ONLY HELP TRADER WITH MORE MARGIN....USE THIS FEATURE PROPERLY.THIS FEATURE BEST WORK ON ONE SIDE MEANS ONLY BUY SIDE TRADE OR SELL SIDE TRADE
6)YOU CAN SET YOUR TARGET AND STOPLOSS IN POINTS AND IN PERCENTAGE
7) YOU CAN CHOSE ONE SIDE TO TRADE ONLY BUY SIDE OR SELL SIDE
HOPE THIS FEARTURES HELPS EVERY ONE
ALL THE BEST FOR SUCESSFULL TRADING
Lyapunov Hodrick-Prescott Oscillator w/ DSL [Loxx]Lyapunov Hodrick-Prescott Oscillator w/ DSL is a Hodrick-Prescott Channel Filter that is modified using the Lyapunov stability algorithm to turn the filter into an oscillator. Signals are created using Discontinued Signal Lines.
What is the Lyapunov Stability?
As soon as scientists realized that the evolution of physical systems can be described in terms of mathematical equations, the stability of the various dynamical regimes was recognized as a matter of primary importance. The interest for this question was not only motivated by general curiosity, but also by the need to know, in the XIX century, to what extent the behavior of suitable mechanical devices remains unchanged, once their configuration has been perturbed. As a result, illustrious scientists such as Lagrange, Poisson, Maxwell and others deeply thought about ways of quantifying the stability both in general and specific contexts. The first exact definition of stability was given by the Russian mathematician Aleksandr Lyapunov who addressed the problem in his PhD Thesis in 1892, where he introduced two methods, the first of which is based on the linearization of the equations of motion and has originated what has later been termed Lyapunov exponents (LE). (Lyapunov 1992)
The interest in it suddenly skyrocketed during the Cold War period when the so-called "Second Method of Lyapunov" (see below) was found to be applicable to the stability of aerospace guidance systems which typically contain strong nonlinearities not treatable by other methods. A large number of publications appeared then and since in the control and systems literature. More recently the concept of the Lyapunov exponent (related to Lyapunov's First Method of discussing stability) has received wide interest in connection with chaos theory . Lyapunov stability methods have also been applied to finding equilibrium solutions in traffic assignment problems.
In practice, Lyapunov exponents can be computed by exploiting the natural tendency of an n-dimensional volume to align along the n most expanding subspace. From the expansion rate of an n-dimensional volume, one obtains the sum of the n largest Lyapunov exponents. Altogether, the procedure requires evolving n linearly independent perturbations and one is faced with the problem that all vectors tend to align along the same direction. However, as shown in the late '70s, this numerical instability can be counterbalanced by orthonormalizing the vectors with the help of the Gram-Schmidt procedure (Benettin et al. 1980, Shimada and Nagashima 1979) (or, equivalently with a QR decomposition). As a result, the LE λi, naturally ordered from the largest to the most negative one, can be computed: they are altogether referred to as the Lyapunov spectrum.
The Lyapunov exponent "λ" , is useful for distinguishing among the various types of orbits. It works for discrete as well as continuous systems.
λ < 0
The orbit attracts to a stable fixed point or stable periodic orbit. Negative Lyapunov exponents are characteristic of dissipative or non-conservative systems (the damped harmonic oscillator for instance). Such systems exhibit asymptotic stability; the more negative the exponent, the greater the stability. Superstable fixed points and superstable periodic points have a Lyapunov exponent of λ = −∞. This is something akin to a critically damped oscillator in that the system heads towards its equilibrium point as quickly as possible.
λ = 0
The orbit is a neutral fixed point (or an eventually fixed point). A Lyapunov exponent of zero indicates that the system is in some sort of steady state mode. A physical system with this exponent is conservative. Such systems exhibit Lyapunov stability. Take the case of two identical simple harmonic oscillators with different amplitudes. Because the frequency is independent of the amplitude, a phase portrait of the two oscillators would be a pair of concentric circles. The orbits in this situation would maintain a constant separation, like two flecks of dust fixed in place on a rotating record.
λ > 0
The orbit is unstable and chaotic. Nearby points, no matter how close, will diverge to any arbitrary separation. All neighborhoods in the phase space will eventually be visited. These points are said to be unstable. For a discrete system, the orbits will look like snow on a television set. This does not preclude any organization as a pattern may emerge. Thus the snow may be a bit lumpy. For a continuous system, the phase space would be a tangled sea of wavy lines like a pot of spaghetti. A physical example can be found in Brownian motion. Although the system is deterministic, there is no order to the orbit that ensues.
For our purposes here, we transform the HP by applying Lyapunov Stability as follows:
output = math.log(math.abs(HP / HP ))
You can read more about Lyapunov Stability here: Measuring Chaos
What is. the Hodrick-Prescott Filter?
The Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter refers to a data-smoothing technique. The HP filter is commonly applied during analysis to remove short-term fluctuations associated with the business cycle. Removal of these short-term fluctuations reveals long-term trends.
The Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter is a tool commonly used in macroeconomics. It is named after economists Robert Hodrick and Edward Prescott who first popularized this filter in economics in the 1990s. Hodrick was an economist who specialized in international finance. Prescott won the Nobel Memorial Prize, sharing it with another economist for their research in macroeconomics.
This filter determines the long-term trend of a time series by discounting the importance of short-term price fluctuations. In practice, the filter is used to smooth and detrend the Conference Board's Help Wanted Index (HWI) so it can be benchmarked against the Bureau of Labor Statistic's (BLS) JOLTS, an economic data series that may more accurately measure job vacancies in the U.S.
The HP filter is one of the most widely used tools in macroeconomic analysis. It tends to have favorable results if the noise is distributed normally, and when the analysis being conducted is historical.
What are DSL Discontinued Signal Line?
A lot of indicators are using signal lines in order to determine the trend (or some desired state of the indicator) easier. The idea of the signal line is easy : comparing the value to it's smoothed (slightly lagging) state, the idea of current momentum/state is made.
Discontinued signal line is inheriting that simple signal line idea and it is extending it : instead of having one signal line, more lines depending on the current value of the indicator.
"Signal" line is calculated the following way :
When a certain level is crossed into the desired direction, the EMA of that value is calculated for the desired signal line
When that level is crossed into the opposite direction, the previous "signal" line value is simply "inherited" and it becomes a kind of a level
This way it becomes a combination of signal lines and levels that are trying to combine both the good from both methods.
In simple terms, DSL uses the concept of a signal line and betters it by inheriting the previous signal line's value & makes it a level.
Included:
Bar coloring
Alerts
Signals
Loxx's Expanded Source Types
Filtered, N-Order Power-of-Cosine, Sinc FIR Filter [Loxx]Filtered, N-Order Power-of-Cosine, Sinc FIR Filter is a Discrete-Time, FIR Digital Filter that uses Power-of-Cosine Family of FIR filters. This is an N-order algorithm that allows up to 50 values for alpha, orders, of depth. This one differs from previous Power-of-Cosine filters I've published in that it this uses Windowed-Sinc filtering. I've also included a Dual Element Lag Reducer using Kalman velocity, a standard deviation filter, and a clutter filter. You can read about each of these below.
Impulse Response
What are FIR Filters?
In discrete-time signal processing, windowing is a preliminary signal shaping technique, usually applied to improve the appearance and usefulness of a subsequent Discrete Fourier Transform. Several window functions can be defined, based on a constant (rectangular window), B-splines, other polynomials, sinusoids, cosine-sums, adjustable, hybrid, and other types. The windowing operation consists of multipying the given sampled signal by the window function. For trading purposes, these FIR filters act as advanced weighted moving averages.
A finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a filter whose impulse response (or response to any finite length input) is of finite duration, because it settles to zero in finite time. This is in contrast to infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which may have internal feedback and may continue to respond indefinitely (usually decaying).
The impulse response (that is, the output in response to a Kronecker delta input) of an Nth-order discrete-time FIR filter lasts exactly {\displaystyle N+1}N+1 samples (from first nonzero element through last nonzero element) before it then settles to zero.
FIR filters can be discrete-time or continuous-time, and digital or analog.
A FIR filter is (similar to, or) just a weighted moving average filter, where (unlike a typical equally weighted moving average filter) the weights of each delay tap are not constrained to be identical or even of the same sign. By changing various values in the array of weights (the impulse response, or time shifted and sampled version of the same), the frequency response of a FIR filter can be completely changed.
An FIR filter simply CONVOLVES the input time series (price data) with its IMPULSE RESPONSE. The impulse response is just a set of weights (or "coefficients") that multiply each data point. Then you just add up all the products and divide by the sum of the weights and that is it; e.g., for a 10-bar SMA you just add up 10 bars of price data (each multiplied by 1) and divide by 10. For a weighted-MA you add up the product of the price data with triangular-number weights and divide by the total weight.
What is a Standard Deviation Filter?
If price or output or both don't move more than the (standard deviation) * multiplier then the trend stays the previous bar trend. This will appear on the chart as "stepping" of the moving average line. This works similar to Super Trend or Parabolic SAR but is a more naive technique of filtering.
What is a Clutter Filter?
For our purposes here, this is a filter that compares the slope of the trading filter output to a threshold to determine whether to shift trends. If the slope is up but the slope doesn't exceed the threshold, then the color is gray and this indicates a chop zone. If the slope is down but the slope doesn't exceed the threshold, then the color is gray and this indicates a chop zone. Alternatively if either up or down slope exceeds the threshold then the trend turns green for up and red for down. Fro demonstration purposes, an EMA is used as the moving average. This acts to reduce the noise in the signal.
What is a Dual Element Lag Reducer?
Modifies an array of coefficients to reduce lag by the Lag Reduction Factor uses a generic version of a Kalman velocity component to accomplish this lag reduction is achieved by applying the following to the array:
2 * coeff - coeff
The response time vs noise battle still holds true, high lag reduction means more noise is present in your data! Please note that the beginning coefficients which the modifying matrix cannot be applied to (coef whose indecies are < LagReductionFactor) are simply multiplied by two for additional smoothing .
Whats a Windowed-Sinc Filter?
Windowed-sinc filters are used to separate one band of frequencies from another. They are very stable, produce few surprises, and can be pushed to incredible performance levels. These exceptional frequency domain characteristics are obtained at the expense of poor performance in the time domain, including excessive ripple and overshoot in the step response. When carried out by standard convolution, windowed-sinc filters are easy to program, but slow to execute.
The sinc function sinc (x), also called the "sampling function," is a function that arises frequently in signal processing and the theory of Fourier transforms.
In mathematics, the historical unnormalized sinc function is defined for x ≠ 0 by
sinc x = sinx / x
In digital signal processing and information theory, the normalized sinc function is commonly defined for x ≠ 0 by
sinc x = sin(pi * x) / (pi * x)
For our purposes here, we are used a normalized Sinc function
Included
Bar coloring
Loxx's Expanded Source Types
Signals
Alerts
Related indicators
Variety, Low-Pass, FIR Filter Impulse Response Explorer
STD-Filtered, Variety FIR Digital Filters w/ ATR Bands
STD/C-Filtered, N-Order Power-of-Cosine FIR Filter
STD/C-Filtered, Truncated Taylor Family FIR Filter
STD/Clutter-Filtered, Kaiser Window FIR Digital Filter
STD/Clutter Filtered, One-Sided, N-Sinc-Kernel, EFIR Filt
Variety, Low-Pass, FIR Filter Impulse Response Explorer [Loxx]Variety Low-Pass FIR Filter, Impulse Response Explorer is a simple impulse response explorer of 16 of the most popular FIR digital filtering windowing techniques. Y-values are the values of the coefficients produced by the selected algorithms; X-values are the index of sample. This indicator also allows you to turn on Sinc Windowing for all window types except for Rectangular, Triangular, and Linear. This is an educational indicator to demonstrate the differences between popular FIR filters in terms of their coefficient outputs. This is also used to compliment other indicators I've published or will publish that implement advanced FIR digital filters (see below to find applicable indicators).
Inputs:
Number of Coefficients to Calculate = Sample size; for example, this would be the period used in SMA or WMA
FIR Digital Filter Type = FIR windowing method you would like to explore
Multiplier (Sinc only) = applies a multiplier effect to the Sinc Windowing
Frequency Cutoff = this is necessary to smooth the output and get rid of noise. the lower the number, the smoother the output.
Turn on Sinc? = turn this on if you want to convert the windowing function from regular function to a Windowed-Sinc filter
Order = This is used for power of cosine filter only. This is the N-order, or depth, of the filter you wish to create.
What are FIR Filters?
In discrete-time signal processing, windowing is a preliminary signal shaping technique, usually applied to improve the appearance and usefulness of a subsequent Discrete Fourier Transform. Several window functions can be defined, based on a constant (rectangular window), B-splines, other polynomials, sinusoids, cosine-sums, adjustable, hybrid, and other types. The windowing operation consists of multipying the given sampled signal by the window function. For trading purposes, these FIR filters act as advanced weighted moving averages.
A finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a filter whose impulse response (or response to any finite length input) is of finite duration, because it settles to zero in finite time. This is in contrast to infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which may have internal feedback and may continue to respond indefinitely (usually decaying).
The impulse response (that is, the output in response to a Kronecker delta input) of an Nth-order discrete-time FIR filter lasts exactly {\displaystyle N+1}N+1 samples (from first nonzero element through last nonzero element) before it then settles to zero.
FIR filters can be discrete-time or continuous-time, and digital or analog.
A FIR filter is (similar to, or) just a weighted moving average filter, where (unlike a typical equally weighted moving average filter) the weights of each delay tap are not constrained to be identical or even of the same sign. By changing various values in the array of weights (the impulse response, or time shifted and sampled version of the same), the frequency response of a FIR filter can be completely changed.
An FIR filter simply CONVOLVES the input time series (price data) with its IMPULSE RESPONSE. The impulse response is just a set of weights (or "coefficients") that multiply each data point. Then you just add up all the products and divide by the sum of the weights and that is it; e.g., for a 10-bar SMA you just add up 10 bars of price data (each multiplied by 1) and divide by 10. For a weighted-MA you add up the product of the price data with triangular-number weights and divide by the total weight.
What's a Low-Pass Filter?
A low-pass filter is the type of frequency domain filter that is used for smoothing sound, image, or data. This is different from a high-pass filter that is used for sharpening data, images, or sound.
Whats a Windowed-Sinc Filter?
Windowed-sinc filters are used to separate one band of frequencies from another. They are very stable, produce few surprises, and can be pushed to incredible performance levels. These exceptional frequency domain characteristics are obtained at the expense of poor performance in the time domain, including excessive ripple and overshoot in the step response. When carried out by standard convolution, windowed-sinc filters are easy to program, but slow to execute.
The sinc function sinc (x), also called the "sampling function," is a function that arises frequently in signal processing and the theory of Fourier transforms.
In mathematics, the historical unnormalized sinc function is defined for x ≠ 0 by
sinc x = sinx / x
In digital signal processing and information theory, the normalized sinc function is commonly defined for x ≠ 0 by
sinc x = sin(pi * x) / (pi * x)
For our purposes here, we are used a normalized Sinc function
Included Windowing Functions
N-Order Power-of-Cosine (this one is really N-different types of FIR filters)
Hamming
Hanning
Blackman
Blackman Harris
Blackman Nutall
Nutall
Bartlet Zero End Points
Bartlet-Hann
Hann
Sine
Lanczos
Flat Top
Rectangular
Linear
Triangular
If you wish to dive deeper to get a full explanation of these windowing functions, see here: en.wikipedia.org
Related indicators
STD-Filtered, Variety FIR Digital Filters w/ ATR Bands
STD/C-Filtered, N-Order Power-of-Cosine FIR Filter
STD/C-Filtered, Truncated Taylor Family FIR Filter
STD/Clutter-Filtered, Kaiser Window FIR Digital Filter
STD/Clutter Filtered, One-Sided, N-Sinc-Kernel, EFIR Filt
