TASC 2025.11 The Points and Line Chart█ OVERVIEW
This script implements the Points and Line Chart described by Mohamed Ashraf Mahfouz and Mohamed Meregy in the November 2025 edition of the TASC Traders' Tips , "Efficient Display of Irregular Time Series”. This novel chart type interprets regular time series chart data to create an irregular time series chart.
█ CONCEPTS
When formatting data for display on a price chart, there are two main categorizations of chart types: regular time series (RTS) and irregular time series (ITS).
RTS charts, such as a typical candlestick chart, collect data over a specified amount of time and display it at one point. A one-minute candle, for example, represents the entirety of price movements within the minute that it represents.
ITS charts display data only after certain conditions are met. Since they do not plot at a consistent time period, they are called “irregular”.
Typically, ITS charts, such as Point and Figure (P&F) and Renko charts, focus on price change, plotting only when a certain threshold of change occurs.
The Points and Line (P&L) chart operates similarly to a P&F chart, using price change to determine when to plot points. However, instead of plotting the price in points, the P&L chart (by default) plots the closing price from RTS data. In other words, the P&L chart plots its points at the actual RTS close, as opposed to (price) intervals based on point size. This approach creates an ITS while still maintaining a reference to the RTS data, allowing us to gain a better understanding of time while consolidating the chart into an ITS format.
█ USAGE
Because the P&L chart forms bars based on price action instead of time, it displays displays significantly more history than a typical RTS chart. With this view, we are able to more easily spot support and resistance levels, which we could use when looking to place trades.
In the chart below, we can see over 13 years of data consolidated into one single view.
To view specific chart details, hover over each point of the chart to see a list of information.
In addition to providing a compact view of price movement over larger periods, this new chart type helps make classic chart patterns easier to interpret. When considering breakouts, the closing price provides a clearer representation of the actual breakout, as opposed to point size plots which are limited.
Because P&L is a new charting type, this script still requires a standard RTS chart for proper calculations. However, the main price chart is not intended for interpretation alongside the P&L chart; users can hide the main price series to keep the chart clean.
█ DISPLAYS
This indicator creates two displays: the "Price Display" and the "Data Display".
With the "Price display" setting, users can choose between showing a line or OHLC candles for the P&L drawing. The line display shows the close price of the P&L chart. In the candle display, the close price remains the same, while the open, high, and low values depend on the price action between points.
With the "Data display" setting, users can enable the display of a histogram that shows either the total volume or days/bars between the points in the P&L chart. For example, a reading of 12 days would indicate that the time since the last point was 12 days.
Note: The "Days" setting actually shows the number of chart bars elapsed between P&L points. The displayed value represents days only if the chart uses the "1D" timeframe.
The "Overlay P&L on chart" input controls whether the P&L line or candles appear on the main chart pane or in a separate pane.
Users can deactivate either display by selecting "None" from the corresponding input.
Technical Note: Due to drawing limitations, this indicator has the following display limits:
The line display can show data to 10,000 P&L points.
The candle display and tooltips show data for up to 500 points.
The histograms show data for up to 3,333 points.
█ INPUTS
Reversal Amount: The number of points/steps required to determine a reversal.
Scale size Method: The method used to filter price movements. By default, the P&L chart uses the same scaling method as the P&F chart. Optionally, this scaling method can be changed to use ATR or Percent.
P&L Method: The prices to plot and use for filtering:
“Close” plots the closing price and uses it to determine movements.
“High/Low” uses the high price on upside moves and low price on downside moves.
"Point Size" uses the closing price for filtration, but locks the price to plot at point size intervals.
In den Scripts nach "OHLC" suchen
Tick-Based Delta Volume BubblesTICK-BASED DELTA VOLUME BUBBLES
OVERVIEW
A real-time order flow indicator that displays volume delta at the tick level, helping traders identify buying and selling pressure as it develops during live market hours. Unlike traditional volume delta indicators that rely on bar close data, this indicator captures actual tick-by-tick volume changes and directional bias, providing granular insight into market dynamics.
HOW IT WORKS
The indicator monitors live tick data during real-time trading by tracking volume increases between consecutive price updates. Each time volume increments, the script calculates the volume delta, determines price direction, assigns directional bias to the volume, and accumulates net delta for each bar.
This methodology is identical to the tick detection mechanism used in professional cumulative volume delta tools, ensuring accuracy and reliability.
FEATURES
Real-Time Tick Detection
- Captures genuine tick-by-tick volume flow using varip persistence
- Not estimated from OHLC data
- Processes actual market ticks as they occur
Adaptive Bubble Sizing
- Bubbles scale based on delta strength relative to a customizable moving average (default 20 bars)
- Highlights significant order flow imbalances
- Five size levels from tiny to huge
Dual Display Modes
- Normal Mode: Sized bubbles with optional volume labels positioned at bar midpoint
- Minimal Mode: Clean dots above/below bars for unobtrusive delta visualization
Flow Classification
- Aggressive Buy (bright green): Strong positive delta with greater than 1.2x strength
- Aggressive Sell (bright red): Strong negative delta with greater than 1.2x strength
- Passive Buy (light green): Moderate positive delta
- Passive Sell (light red): Moderate negative delta
Intensity Mode (Optional)
- Gray: Low intensity (less than 0.5x average)
- Blue: Medium intensity (0.5-1.0x average)
- Orange: High intensity (1.0-2.0x average)
- Red: Extreme intensity (greater than 2.0x average)
Smart Filtering
- Percentile-based filters (customizable) ensure only significant delta events are displayed
- Reduces chart clutter while highlighting important order flow
- Separate thresholds for bubble display and numeric labels
Data Collection Status
- Optional progress box in top-right corner
- Shows real-time bar collection progress
- Displays percentage completion and bars remaining
- Automatically hides when sufficient data is collected
Hide Until Ready Option
- Suppresses bubble display until the averaging period is complete
- Prevents misleading signals from incomplete data
- Default requires 20 bars before displaying bubbles
SETTINGS
Delta Average Length (1-200, default 20)
- Lookback period for calculating delta strength baseline
- Higher values = longer-term delta comparison
- Lower values = more sensitive to recent changes
Hide Bubbles Until Enough Data
- Prevents display until averaging period completes
- Ensures reliable delta strength calculations
Show Data Collection Status Box
- Displays progress indicator during initialization
- Can be disabled if you understand the warmup period
Minimal Mode
- Switches to simple dot display above/below bars
- Green dots above bars = positive delta
- Red dots below bars = negative delta
- Maintains color intensity or flow type classification
Show Bubbles
- Master toggle for bubble display
Bubble Volume Percentile (0-100, default 60)
- Minimum percentile rank required to display bubble
- Higher values = fewer, more significant bubbles
- Lower values = more bubbles displayed
Show Numbers in Bubbles
- Toggle delta value labels
- Only appears in normal mode
- Disabled automatically in minimal mode
Label Volume Percentile (0-100, default 90)
- Higher threshold for displaying numeric labels
- Typically set higher than bubble percentile
- Reduces label clutter on chart
Intensity Mode
- Switch from flow-type coloring to magnitude-based coloring
- Useful for identifying volume spikes regardless of direction
IMPORTANT NOTES
Real-Time Only: This indicator processes live tick data and does not provide historical analysis. It begins collecting data when added to a live chart.
Volume Required: Symbol must have volume data available. Will not function on symbols without volume (most forex pairs from retail brokers).
Initialization Period: Requires the specified number of bars (default 20) to calculate accurate delta strength. Use the "Hide Until Ready" option to prevent premature signals.
Market Hours: Only collects data during live market hours. Does not backfill historical data.
CREDITS
Tick detection methodology inspired by the Kioseff Trading Tick CVD indicator. This implementation adapts the same core tick-level volume delta calculation for bubble-style visualization and per-bar delta analysis.
Volume Based Sampling [BackQuant]Volume Based Sampling
What this does
This indicator converts the usual time-based stream of candles into an event-based stream of “synthetic” bars that are created only when enough trading activity has occurred . You choose the activity definition:
Volume bars : create a new synthetic bar whenever the cumulative number of shares/contracts traded reaches a threshold.
Dollar bars : create a new synthetic bar whenever the cumulative traded dollar value (price × volume) reaches a threshold.
The script then keeps an internal ledger of these synthetic opens, highs, lows, closes, and volumes, and can display them as candles, plot a moving average calculated over the synthetic closes, mark each time a new sample is formed, and optionally overlay the native time-bars for comparison.
Why event-based sampling matters
Markets do not release information on a clock: activity clusters during news, opens/closes, and liquidity shocks. Event-based bars normalize for that heteroskedastic arrival of information: during active periods you get more bars (finer resolution); during quiet periods you get fewer bars (coarser resolution). Research shows this can reduce microstructure pathologies and produce series that are closer to i.i.d. and more suitable for statistical modeling and ML. In particular:
Volume and dollar bars are a common event-time alternative to time bars in quantitative research and are discussed extensively in Advances in Financial Machine Learning (AFML). These bars aim to homogenize information flow by sampling on traded size or value rather than elapsed seconds.
The Volume Clock perspective models market activity in “volume time,” showing that many intraday phenomena (volatility, liquidity shocks) are better explained when time is measured by traded volume instead of seconds.
Related market microstructure work on flow toxicity and liquidity highlights that the risk dealers face is tied to information intensity of order flow, again arguing for activity-based clocks.
How the indicator works (plain English)
Choose your bucket type
Volume : accumulate volume until it meets a threshold.
Dollar Bars : accumulate close × volume until it meets a dollar threshold.
Pick the threshold rule
Dynamic threshold : by default, the script computes a rolling statistic (mean or median) of recent activity to set the next bucket size. This adapts bar size to changing conditions (e.g., busier sessions produce more frequent synthetic bars).
Fixed threshold : optionally override with a constant target (e.g., exactly 100,000 contracts per synthetic bar, or $5,000,000 per dollar bar).
Build the synthetic bar
While a bucket fills, the script tracks:
o_s: first price of the bucket (synthetic open)
h_s: running maximum price (synthetic high)
l_s: running minimum price (synthetic low)
c_s: last price seen (synthetic close)
v_s: cumulative native volume inside the bucket
d_samples: number of native bars consumed to complete the bucket (a proxy for “how fast” the threshold filled)
Emit a new sample
Once the bucket meets/exceeds the threshold, a new synthetic bar is finalized and stored. If overflow occurs (e.g., a single native bar pushes you past the threshold by a lot), the code will emit multiple synthetic samples to account for the extra activity.
Maintain a rolling history efficiently
A ring buffer can overwrite the oldest samples when you hit your Max Stored Samples cap, keeping memory usage stable.
Compute synthetic-space statistics
The script computes an SMA over the last N synthetic closes and basic descriptors like average bars per synthetic sample, mean and standard deviation of synthetic returns, and more. These are all in event time , not clock time.
Inputs and options you will actually use
Data Settings
Sampling Method : Volume or Dollar Bars.
Rolling Lookback : window used to estimate the dynamic threshold from recent activity.
Filter : Mean or Median for the dynamic threshold. Median is more robust to spikes.
Use Fixed? / Fixed Threshold : override dynamic sizing with a constant target.
Max Stored Samples : cap on synthetic history to keep performance snappy.
Use Ring Buffer : turn on to recycle storage when at capacity.
Indicator Settings
SMA over last N samples : moving average in synthetic space . Because its index is sample count, not minutes, it adapts naturally: more updates in busy regimes, fewer in quiet regimes.
Visuals
Show Synthetic Bars : plot the synthetic OHLC candles.
Candle Color Mode :
Green/Red: directional close vs open
Volume Intensity: opacity scales with synthetic size
Neutral: single color
Adaptive: graded by how large the bucket was relative to threshold
Mark new samples : drop a small marker whenever a new synthetic bar prints.
Comparison & Research
Show Time Bars : overlay the native time-based candles to visually compare how the two sampling schemes differ.
How to read it, step by step
Turn on “Synthetic Bars” and optionally overlay “Time Bars.” You will see that during high-activity bursts, synthetic bars print much faster than time bars.
Watch the synthetic SMA . Crosses in synthetic space can be more meaningful because each update represents a roughly comparable amount of traded information.
Use the “Avg Bars per Sample” in the info table as a regime signal. Falling average bars per sample means activity is clustering, often coincident with higher realized volatility.
Try Dollar Bars when price varies a lot but share count does not; they normalize by dollar risk taken in each sample. Volume Bars are ideal when share count is a better proxy for information flow in your instrument.
Quant finance background and citations
Event time vs. clock time : Easley, López de Prado, and O’Hara advocate measuring intraday phenomena on a volume clock to better align sampling with information arrival. This framing helps explain volatility bursts and liquidity droughts and motivates volume-based bars.
Flow toxicity and dealer risk : The same authors show how adverse selection risk changes with the intensity and informativeness of order flow, further supporting activity-based clocks for modeling and risk management.
AFML framework : In Advances in Financial Machine Learning , event-driven bars such as volume, dollar, and imbalance bars are presented as superior sampling units for many ML tasks, yielding more stationary features and fewer microstructure distortions than fixed time bars. ( Alpaca )
Practical use cases
1) Regime-aware moving averages
The synthetic SMA in event time is not fooled by quiet periods: if nothing of consequence trades, it barely updates. This can make trend filters less sensitive to calendar drift and more sensitive to true participation.
2) Breakout logic on “equal-information” samples
The script exposes simple alerts such as breakout above/below the synthetic SMA . Because each bar approximates a constant amount of activity, breakouts are conditioned on comparable informational mass, not arbitrary time buckets.
3) Volatility-adaptive backtests
If you use synthetic bars as your base data stream, most signal rules become self-paced : entry and exit opportunities accelerate in fast markets and slow down in quiet regimes, which often improves the realism of slippage and fill modeling in research pipelines (pair this indicator with strategy code downstream).
4) Regime diagnostics
Avg Bars per Sample trending down: activity is dense; expect larger realized ranges.
Return StdDev (synthetic) rising: noise or trend acceleration in event time; re-tune risk.
Interpreting the info panel
Method : your sampling choice and current threshold.
Total Samples : how many synthetic bars have been formed.
Current Vol/Dollar : how much of the next bucket is already filled.
Bars in Bucket : native bars consumed so far in the current bucket.
Avg Bars/Sample : lower means higher trading intensity.
Avg Return / Return StdDev : return stats computed over synthetic closes .
Research directions you can build from here
Imbalance and run bars
Extend beyond pure volume or dollar thresholds to imbalance bars that trigger on directional order flow imbalance (e.g., buy volume minus sell volume), as discussed in the AFML ecosystem. These often further homogenize distributional properties used in ML. alpaca.markets
Volume-time indicators
Re-compute classical indicators (RSI, MACD, Bollinger) on the synthetic stream. The premise is that signals are updated by traded information , not seconds, which may stabilize indicator behavior in heteroskedastic regimes.
Liquidity and toxicity overlays
Combine synthetic bars with proxies of flow toxicity to anticipate spread widening or volatility clustering. For instance, tag synthetic bars that surpass multiples of the threshold and test whether subsequent realized volatility is elevated.
Dollar-risk parity sampling for portfolios
Use dollar bars to align samples across assets by notional risk, enabling cleaner cross-asset features and comparability in multi-asset models (e.g., correlation studies, regime clustering). AFML discusses the benefits of event-driven sampling for cross-sectional ML feature engineering.
Microstructure feature set
Compute duration in native bars per synthetic sample , range per sample , and volume multiple of threshold as inputs to state classifiers or regime HMMs . These features are inherently activity-aware and often predictive of short-horizon volatility and trend persistence per the event-time literature. ( Alpaca )
Tips for clean usage
Start with dynamic thresholds using Median over a sensible lookback to avoid outlier distortion, then move to Fixed thresholds when you know your instrument’s typical activity scale.
Compare time bars vs synthetic bars side by side to develop intuition for how your market “breathes” in activity time.
Keep Max Stored Samples reasonable for performance; the ring buffer avoids memory creep while preserving a rolling window of research-grade data.
Gap ZonesThis TradingView indicator automatically detects daily price gaps and plots them clearly on any timeframe (intraday or daily).
It helps visualize where unfilled gaps are sitting, track whether they’ve been filled, and control how far the zone extends.
Key Features
1. Daily Gap Detection
• Works even when you’re on intraday charts (uses daily OHLC data).
• Marks both gap up (potential support zones) and gap down (potential resistance zones).
2. Shaded Gap Zones
• Each gap is highlighted as a band (greenish for up, reddish for down).
• Option to turn shading off if you just want horizontal lines.
3. Hide When Filled
• Once price closes or touches the far side of the gap, it disappears (configurable: Touch vs Close).
4. Lookback Window
• Gaps only show if they occurred within the past X trading days (default: 30).
• Prevents your chart from being cluttered with ancient gaps.
5. Multiple Gaps Tracked
• Can track up to 5 recent gaps simultaneously.
• Oldest gaps “roll off” as new ones form.
6. Finite Right-Edge Guides
• Optional horizontal guide lines extend to the right, but only for a fixed number of bars (default: 50).
• Cleaner than infinite extensions.
7. Gap-Day Marker
• Optional vertical line drawn on the bar where the gap first occurred.
⸻
⚙️ Inputs & Settings
When you apply the indicator, you’ll see these options:
• Lookback (trading days): How far back to scan for gaps (default 30).
• Max gaps to show (1..5): How many simultaneous gap zones to display.
• Min gap size (% of prior close): Filter out tiny gaps (default 0.25%).
• Hide gaps once filled: Removes a gap from the chart once filled.
• Fill rule uses CLOSE (off = Touch):
• Touch = filled when price trades through the level intraday.
• Close = filled only when a candle close crosses it.
• Show shading: Toggle zone fills on/off.
• Show vertical marker on gap day: Toggle gap-day marker line.
• Show finite right-edge lines: Toggle horizontal lines extending right.
• Right line length (bars): How far those lines extend (default 50 bars).
⸻
🟢 How to Use It
1. Apply on Any Chart
• Works best on daily or intraday (5m, 15m, 1h).
• Gaps are always calculated from daily data, so intraday charts will show higher-timeframe gaps correctly.
2. Interpret Colors
• Green shading = Gap Up (often acts as support).
• Red shading = Gap Down (often acts as resistance).
3. Watch for Fills
• When price re-enters the gap zone, the indicator checks if it’s “filled” (based on your Touch/Close setting).
• If “Hide When Filled” is on, the zone vanishes.
4. Trade Context
• Many traders use gaps as targets (expecting a fill) or levels of support/resistance.
• Combined with your bull put/bear call spread strategies, it helps confirm strong levels.
MK_OSFT-Momentum Confluence DetectorMOMENTUM CONFLUENCE DETECTOR - Trading Indicator Overview
What This Indicator Does
The Momentum Confluence Detector is a comprehensive Pine Script indicator designed to identify high-probability trading opportunities by detecting momentum bars that align with multiple confluence factors. It combines traditional technical analysis with advanced Smart Money Concepts to filter out noise and highlight the most significant price movements.
CORE FUNCTIONALITY
📊 Momentum Bar Detection Identifies unusual volume and bar size expansion using customizable multipliers
Detects bullish, bearish, and neutral momentum bars based on OHLC relationships
Uses moving averages to establish baseline volume and bar size thresholds
🔄 Multi-Filter Confluence System
The indicator employs up to 5 different filter types to validate momentum signals:
Level Concept Filter - Choose between:
- Support/Resistance Levels : Traditional pivot-based S/R zones with touch counting and break tracking
- Smart Money Concepts : Institutional order flow analysis including Order Blocks, Fair Value Gaps (FVGs), and market structure breaks
Trend Filter : EMA/SMA-based trend direction confirmation with alignment requirements
Breakout Filter : Detects price breakouts beyond recent highs/lows with percentage thresholds
Volatility Filter : ATR expansion confirmation to ensure signals occur during active market conditions
Market Session Filter : Filters signals to specific trading sessions (Tokyo, London, New York)
ADVANCED FEATURES
🎯 Smart Money Concepts Integration
Order Blocks : Identifies institutional supply/demand zones from major and minor structure breaks
Fair Value Gaps (FVGs) : Detects price imbalances and tracks their evolution through partial fills and inversions
Market Structure : Recognizes Break of Structure (BOS) and Change of Character (CHoCH) patterns
Retracement Patterns : Tracks HLH (Higher-Low-Higher) and LHL (Lower-High-Lower) institutional patterns
📈 Support/Resistance System
Multi-timeframe pivot detection (3, 5, 7-bar spans)
Volume-weighted strength calculation for level importance
Dynamic level merging and break tracking
Automatic level type classification (Support/Resistance/Flip zones)
⚙️ Intelligent Filtering Logic
ALL Mode : Requires all enabled filters to pass (high precision)
ANY Mode : Requires at least one filter to pass (higher frequency)
Real-time filter status tracking and visualization
Visual Features
Signal Markers : Clear triangular markers for qualified momentum bars
Unfiltered Signals : Optional display of raw momentum bars for comparison
Level Visualization : Dynamic S/R level boxes and lines with strength indicators
Structure Lines : BOS/CHoCH break visualization with major/minor classification
Fair Value Gaps : Color-coded boxes showing bullish/bearish FVGs with partial fill tracking and IFVG conversion
Order Blocks : Institutional supply/demand zones displayed as colored boxes with major/minor classification
Information Table : Real-time display of signal details and filter status
Session Boxes : Visual representation of active trading sessions
Practical Applications
✅ Swing Trading : Identify high-probability reversal and continuation setups
✅ Day Trading : Spot intraday momentum shifts with institutional backing
✅ Multi-Timeframe Analysis : Combine major and minor structure analysis
✅ Risk Management : Filter out low-quality setups using confluence requirements
✅ Educational : Understand market structure and institutional order flow
Customization Options
Adjustable momentum thresholds for different market conditions
Comprehensive filter settings with individual enable/disable controls
Visual customization for colors, sizes, and display preferences
Alert system with detailed signal information
Performance optimization settings for different chart timeframes
Who Should Use This Indicator
This indicator is suitable for traders who:
Want to combine multiple technical analysis approaches
Seek to understand institutional market behavior
Prefer confluence-based trading setups
Need customizable filtering for different market conditions
Value comprehensive signal validation over high-frequency alerts
The Momentum Confluence Detector transforms complex market analysis into clear, actionable signals by requiring multiple forms of confirmation before highlighting trading opportunities.
SuperTrend Optimizer Remastered[CHE] SuperTrend Optimizer Remastered — Grid-ranked SuperTrend with additive or multiplicative scoring
Summary
This indicator evaluates a fixed grid of one hundred and two SuperTrend parameter pairs and ranks them by a simple flip-to-flip return model. It auto-selects the currently best-scoring combination and renders its SuperTrend in real time, with optional gradient coloring for faster visual parsing. The original concept is by KioseffTrading Thanks a lot for it.
For years I wanted to shorten the roughly two thousand three hundred seventy-one lines; I have now reduced the core to about three hundred eighty lines without triggering script errors. The simplification is generalizable to other indicators. A multiplicative return mode was added alongside the existing additive aggregation, enabling different rankings and often more realistic compounding behavior.
Motivation: Why this design?
SuperTrend is sensitive to its factor and period. Picking a single pair statically can underperform across regimes. This design sweeps a compact parameter grid around user-defined lower bounds, measures flip-to-flip outcomes, and promotes the combination with the strongest cumulative return. The approach keeps the visual footprint familiar while removing manual trial-and-error. The multiplicative mode captures compounding effects; the additive mode remains available for linear aggregation.
Originally (by KioseffTrading)
Very long script (~2,371 lines), monolithic structure.
SuperTrend optimization with additive (cumulative percentage-sum) scoring only.
Heavier use of repetitive code; limited modularity and fewer UI conveniences.
No explicit multiplicative compounding option; rankings did not reflect sequence-sensitive equity growth.
Now (remastered by CHE)
Compact core (~380 lines) with the same functional intent, no compile errors.
Adds multiplicative (compounding) scoring alongside additive, changing rankings to reflect real equity paths and penalize drawdown sequences.
Fixed 34×3 grid sweep, live ranking, gradient-based bar/wick/line visuals, top-table display, and an optional override plot.
Cleaner arrays/state handling, last-bar table updates, and reusable simplification pattern that can be applied to other indicators.
What’s different vs. standard approaches?
Baseline: A single SuperTrend with hand-picked inputs.
Architecture differences:
Fixed grid of thirty-four factor offsets across three ATR offsets.
Per-combination flip-to-flip backtest with additive or multiplicative aggregation.
Live ranking with optional “Best” or “Worst” table output.
Gradient bar, wick, and line coloring driven by consecutive trend counts.
Optional override plot to force a specific SuperTrend independent of ranking.
Practical effect: Charts show the currently best-scoring SuperTrend, not a static choice, plus an on-chart table of top performers for transparency.
How it works (technical)
For each parameter pair, the script computes SuperTrend value and direction. It monitors direction transitions and treats a change from up to down as a long entry and the reverse as an exit, measuring the move between entry and exit using close prices. Results are aggregated per pair either by summing percentage changes or by compounding return factors and then converting to percent for comparison. On the last bar, open trades are included as unrealized contributions to ranking. The best combination’s line is plotted, with separate styling for up and down regimes. Consecutive regime counts are normalized within a rolling window and mapped to gradients for bars, wicks, and lines. A two-column table reports the best or worst performers, with an optional row describing the parameter sweep.
Parameter Guide
Factor (Lower Bound) — Starting SuperTrend factor; the grid adds offsets between zero and three point three. Default three point zero. Higher raises distance to price and reduces flips.
ATR Period (Lower Bound) — Starting ATR length; the grid adds zero, one, and two. Default ten. Longer reduces noise at the cost of responsiveness.
Best vs Worst — Ranks by top or bottom cumulative return. Default Best. Use Worst for stress tests.
Calculation Mode — Additive sums percents; Multiplicative compounds returns. Multiplicative is closer to equity growth and can change the leaderboard.
Show in Table — “Top Three” or “All”. Fewer rows keep charts clean.
Show “Parameters Tested” Label — Displays the effective sweep ranges for auditability.
Plot Override SuperTrend — If enabled, the override factor and ATR are plotted instead of the ranked winner.
Override Factor / ATR Period — Values used when override is on.
Light Mode (for Table) — Adjusts table colors for bright charts.
Gradient/Coloring controls — Toggles for gradient bars and wick coloring, window length for normalization, gamma for contrast, and transparency settings. Use these to emphasize or tone down visual intensity.
Table Position and Text Size — Places the table and sets typography.
Reading & Interpretation
The auto SuperTrend plots one line for up regimes and one for down regimes. Color intensity reflects consecutive trend persistence within the chosen window. A small square at the bottom encodes the same gradient as a compact status channel. Optional wick coloring uses the same gradient for maximum contrast. The performance table lists parameter pairs and their cumulative return under the chosen aggregation; positive values are tinted with the up color, negative with the down color. “Long” labels mark flips that open a long in the simplified model.
Practical Workflows & Combinations
Trend following: Use the auto line as your primary bias. Enter on flips aligned with structure such as higher highs and higher lows. Filter with higher-timeframe trend or volatility contraction.
Exits/Stops: Consider conservative exits when color intensity fades or when the opposite line is approached. Aggressive traders can trail near the plotted line.
Override mode: When you want stability across instruments, enable override and standardize factor and ATR; keep the table visible for sanity checks.
Multi-asset/Multi-TF: Defaults travel well on liquid instruments and intraday to daily timeframes. Heavier assets may prefer larger lower bounds or multiplicative mode.
Behavior, Constraints & Performance
Repaint/confirmation: Signals are based on SuperTrend direction; confirmation is best assessed on closed bars to avoid mid-bar oscillation. No higher-timeframe requests are used.
Resources: One hundred and two SuperTrend evaluations per bar, arrays for state, and a last-bar table render. This is efficient for the grid size but avoid stacking many instances.
Known limits: The flip model ignores costs, slippage, and short exposure. Rapid whipsaws can degrade both aggregation modes. Gradients are cosmetic and do not change logic.
Sensible Defaults & Quick Tuning
Start with the provided lower bounds and “Top Three” table.
Too many flips → raise the lower bound factor or period.
Too sluggish → lower the bounds or switch to additive mode.
Rankings feel unstable → prefer multiplicative mode and extend the normalization window.
Visuals too strong → increase gradient transparency or disable wick coloring.
What this indicator is—and isn’t
This is a parameter-sweep and visualization layer for SuperTrend selection. It is not a complete trading system, not predictive, and does not include position sizing, transaction costs, or risk management. Combine with market structure, higher-timeframe context, and explicit risk controls.
Attribution and refactor note: The original work is by KioseffTrading. The script has been refactored from approximately two thousand three hundred seventy-one lines to about three hundred eighty core lines, retaining behavior without compiler errors. The general simplification pattern is reusable for other indicators.
Metadata
Name/Tag: SuperTrend Optimizer Remastered
Pine version: v6
Overlay or separate pane: true (overlay)
Core idea/principle: Grid-based SuperTrend selection by cumulative flip returns with additive or multiplicative aggregation.
Primary outputs/signals: Auto-selected SuperTrend up and down lines, optional override lines, gradient bar and wick colors, “Long” labels, performance table.
Inputs with defaults: See Parameter Guide above.
Metrics/functions used: SuperTrend, ATR, arrays, barstate checks, windowed normalization, gamma-based contrast adjustment, table API, gradient utilities.
Special techniques: Fixed grid sweep, compounding vs linear aggregation, last-bar UI updates, gradient encoding of persistence.
Performance/constraints: One hundred and two SuperTrend calls, arrays of length one hundred and two, label budget, last-bar table updates, no higher-timeframe requests.
Recommended use-cases/workflows: Trend bias selection, quick parameter audits, override standardization across assets.
Compatibility/assets/timeframes: Standard OHLC charts across intraday to daily; liquid instruments recommended.
Limitations/risks: Costs and slippage omitted; mid-bar instability possible; not suitable for synthetic chart types.
Debug/diagnostics: Ranking table, optional tested-range label; internal counters for consecutive trends.
Disclaimer
The content provided, including all code and materials, is strictly for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as, and should not be interpreted as, financial advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any financial instrument, or an offer of any financial product or service. All strategies, tools, and examples discussed are provided for illustrative purposes to demonstrate coding techniques and the functionality of Pine Script within a trading context.
Any results from strategies or tools provided are hypothetical, and past performance is not indicative of future results. Trading and investing involve high risk, including the potential loss of principal, and may not be suitable for all individuals. Before making any trading decisions, please consult with a qualified financial professional to understand the risks involved.
By using this script, you acknowledge and agree that any trading decisions are made solely at your discretion and risk.
Do not use this indicator on Heikin-Ashi, Renko, Kagi, Point-and-Figure, or Range charts, as these chart types can produce unrealistic results for signal markers and alerts.
Best regards and happy trading
Chervolino
EQ + Bandas Pro 📊 EQ + Bands Pro is an advanced indicator built on OHLC analysis. It calculates a synthetic equilibrium price and plots dynamic, robust bands that adapt to volatility while filtering outliers. The tool highlights zones of overvaluation and undervaluation, helping traders identify key imbalances, potential reversals, and trend confirmations.
Normalized Portfolio TrackerThis script lets you create, visualize, and track a custom portfolio of up to 15 assets directly on TradingView.
It calculates a synthetic "portfolio index" by combining multiple tickers with user-defined weights, automatically normalizing them so the total allocation always equals 100%.
All assets are scaled to a common starting point, allowing you to compare your portfolio’s performance versus any benchmark like SPY, QQQ, or BTC.
🚀 Goal
This script helps traders and investors:
• Understand the combined performance of their portfolio.
• Normalize diverse assets into a single synthetic chart .
• Make portfolio-level insights without relying on external spreadsheets.
🎯 Use Cases
• Backtest your portfolio allocations directly on the chart.
• Compare your portfolio vs. benchmarks like SPY, QQQ, BTC.
• Track thematic baskets (commodities, EV supply chain, regional ETFs).
• Visualize how each component contributes to overall performance.
📊 Features
• Weighted Portfolio Performance : Combines selected assets into a synthetic value series.
• Base Price Alignment : Each asset is normalized to its starting price at the chosen date.
• Dynamic Portfolio Table : Displays symbols, normalized weights (%), equivalent shares (based on each asset’s start price, sums to 100 shares), and a total row that always sums to 100%.
• Multi-Asset Support : Works with stocks, ETFs, indices, crypto, or any TradingView-compatible symbol.
⚙️ Configuration
Flexible Portfolio Setup
• Add up to 15 assets with custom weight inputs.
• You can enter any arbitrary numbers (e.g. 30, 15, 55).
• The script automatically normalizes all weights so the total allocation always equals 100%.
Start Date Selection
• Choose any custom start date to normalize all assets.
• The portfolio value is then scaled relative to the main chart symbol, so you can directly compare portfolio performance against benchmarks like SPY or QQQ.
Chart Styles
• Candlestick chart
• Heikin Ashi chart
• Line chart
Custom Display
• Adjustable colors and line widths
• Optionally display asset list, normalized weights, and equivalent shares
⚙️ How It Works
• Fetch OHLC data for each asset.
• Normalizes weights internally so totals = 100%.
• Stores each asset’s base price at the selected start date.
• Calculates equivalent “shares” for each allocation.
• Builds a synthetic portfolio value series by summing weighted contributions.
• Renders as Candlestick, Heikin Ashi, or Line chart.
• Adds a portfolio info table for clarity.
⚠️ Notes
• This script is for visualization only . It does not place trades or auto-rebalance.
• Weight inputs are automatically normalized, so you don’t need to enter exact percentages.
Adaptive Heikin Ashi [CHE]Adaptive Heikin Ashi — volatility-aware HA with fewer fake flips
Summary
Adaptive Heikin Ashi is a volatility-aware reinterpretation of classic Heikin Ashi that continuously adjusts its internal smoothing based on the current ATR regime, which means that in quiet markets the indicator reacts more quickly to genuine directional changes, while in turbulent phases it deliberately increases its smoothing to suppress jitter and color whipsaws, thereby reducing “noise” and cutting down on fake flips without resorting to heavy fixed smoothing that would lag everywhere.
Motivation: why adapt at all?
Classic Heikin Ashi replaces raw OHLC candles with a smoothed construction that averages price and blends each new candle with the previous HA state, which typically cleans up trends and improves visual coherence, yet its fixed smoothing amount treats calm and violent markets the same, leading to the usual dilemma where a setting that looks crisp in a narrow range becomes too nervous in a spike, and a setting that tames high volatility feels unnecessarily sluggish as soon as conditions normalize; by allowing the smoothing weight to expand and contract with volatility, Adaptive HA aims to keep candles readable across shifting regimes without constant manual retuning.
What is different from normal Heikin Ashi?
Fixed vs. adaptive blend:
Classic HA implicitly uses a fixed 50/50 blend for the open update (`HA_open_t = 0.5 HA_open_{t-1} + 0.5 HA_close_{t-1}`), while this script replaces the constant 0.5 with a dynamic weight `w_t` that oscillates around 0.5 as a function of observed volatility, which turns the open update into an EMA-like filter whose “alpha” automatically changes with market conditions.
Volatility as the steering signal:
The script measures volatility via ATR and compares it to a rolling baseline (SMA of ATR over the same length), producing a normalized deviation that is scaled by sensitivity, clamped to ±1 for stability, and then mapped to a bounded weight interval ` `, so the adaptation is strong enough to matter but never runs away.
Outcome that matters to traders:
In high volatility, the weight shifts upward toward the prior HA open, which strengthens smoothing exactly where classic HA tends to “chatter,” while in low volatility the weight shifts downward toward the most recent HA close, which speeds up reaction so quiet trends do not feel artificially delayed; this is the practical mechanism by which noise and fake signals are reduced without accepting blanket lag.
How it works
1. HA close matches classic HA:
`HA_close_t = (Open_t + High_t + Low_t + Close_t) / 4`
2. Volatility normalization:
`ATR_t` is computed over `atr_length`, its baseline is `ATR_SMA_t = SMA(ATR, atr_length)`, and the raw deviation is `(ATR_t / ATR_SMA_t − 1)`, which is then scaled by `adapt_sensitivity` and clamped to ` ` to obtain `v_t`, ensuring that pathological spikes cannot destabilize the weighting.
3. Adaptive weight around 0.5:
`w_t = 0.5 + oscillation_range v_t`, giving `w_t ∈ `, so with a default `range = 0.20` the weight stays between 0.30 and 0.70, which is wide enough to matter but narrow enough to preserve HA identity.
4. EMA-like open update:
On the very first bar the open is seeded from a stable combination of the raw open and close, and thereafter the update is
`HA_open_t = w_t HA_open_{t−1} + (1 − w_t) HA_close_{t−1}`,
which is equivalent to an EMA where higher `w_t` means heavier inertia (more smoothing) and lower `w_t` means stronger pull to the latest price information (more responsiveness).
5. High and low follow classic HA composition:
`HA_high_t = max(High_t, max(HA_open_t, HA_close_t))`,
`HA_low_t = min(Low_t, min(HA_open_t, HA_close_t))`,
thereby keeping visual semantics consistent with standard HA so that your existing reading of bodies, wicks, and transitions still applies.
Why this reduces noise and fake signals in practice
Fake flips in HA typically occur when a fixed blending rule is forced to process candles during a volatility surge, producing rapid alternations around pivots or within wide intrabar ranges; by increasing smoothing exactly when ATR jumps relative to its baseline, the adaptive open stabilizes the candle body progression and suppresses transient color changes, while in the opposite scenario of compressed ranges, the reduced smoothing allows small but persistent directional pressure to reflect in candle color earlier, which reduces the tendency to enter late after multiple slow transitions.
Parameter guide (what each input really does)
ATR Length (default 14): controls both the ATR and its baseline window, where longer values dampen the adaptation by making the baseline slower and the deviation smaller, which is helpful for noisy lower timeframes, while shorter values make the regime detector more reactive.
Oscillation Range (default 0.20): sets the maximum distance from 0.5 that the weight may travel, so increasing it towards 0.25–0.30 yields stronger smoothing in turbulence and faster response in calm periods, whereas decreasing it to 0.10–0.15 keeps the behavior closer to classical HA and is useful if your strategy already includes heavy downstream smoothing.
Adapt Sensitivity (default 6.0): multiplies the normalized ATR deviation before clamping, such that higher sensitivity accelerates adaptation to regime shifts, while lower sensitivity produces gradual transitions; negative values intentionally invert the mapping (higher vol → less smoothing) and are generally not recommended unless you are testing a counter-intuitive hypothesis.
Reading the candles and the optional diagnostic
You interpret colors and bodies just like with normal HA, but you can additionally enable the Adaptive Weight diagnostic plot to see the regime in real time, where values drifting up toward the upper bound indicate a turbulent context that is being deliberately smoothed, and values gliding down toward the lower bound indicate a calm environment in which the indicator chooses to move faster, which can be valuable for discretionary confirmation when deciding whether a fresh color shift is likely to stick.
Practical workflows and combinations
Trend-following entries: use color continuity and body expansion as usual, but expect fewer spurious alternations around news spikes or into liquidity gaps; pairing with structure (swing highs/lows, breaks of internal ranges) keeps entries disciplined.
Exit management: when the diagnostic weight remains elevated for an extended period, you can be stricter with exit triggers because flips are less likely to be accidental noise; conversely, when the weight is depressed, consider earlier partials since the indicator is intentionally more nimble.
Multi-asset, multi-TF: the adaptation is especially helpful if you rotate instruments with very different vol profiles or hop across timeframes, since you will not need to retune a fixed smoothing parameter every time conditions change.
Behavior, constraints, and performance
The script does not repaint historical bars and uses only past information on closed candles, yet just like any candle-based visualization the current live bar will update until it closes, so you should avoid acting on mid-bar flips without a rule that accounts for bar close; there are no `security()` calls or higher-timeframe lookups, which keeps performance light and execution deterministic, and the clamping of the volatility signal ensures numerical stability even during extreme ATR spikes.
Sensible defaults and quick tuning
Start with the defaults (`ATR 14`, `Range 0.20`, `Sensitivity 6.0`) and observe the weight plot across a few volatile events; if you still see too many flips in turbulence, either raise `Range` to 0.25 or trim `Sensitivity` to 4–5 so that the weight can move high but does not overreact, and if the indicator feels too slow in quiet markets, lower `Range` toward 0.15 or raise `Sensitivity` to 7–8 to bias the weight a bit more aggressively downward when conditions compress.
What this indicator is—and is not
Adaptive Heikin Ashi is a context-aware visualization layer that improves the signal-to-noise ratio and reduces fake flips by modulating smoothing with volatility, but it is not a complete trading system, it does not predict the future, and it should be combined with structure, risk controls, and position management that fit your market and timeframe; always forward-test on your instruments, and remember that even adaptive smoothing can delay recognition at sharp turning points when volatility remains elevated.
Disclaimer
The content provided, including all code and materials, is strictly for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as, and should not be interpreted as, financial advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any financial instrument, or an offer of any financial product or service. All strategies, tools, and examples discussed are provided for illustrative purposes to demonstrate coding techniques and the functionality of Pine Script within a trading context.
Any results from strategies or tools provided are hypothetical, and past performance is not indicative of future results. Trading and investing involve high risk, including the potential loss of principal, and may not be suitable for all individuals. Before making any trading decisions, please consult with a qualified financial professional to understand the risks involved.
By using this script, you acknowledge and agree that any trading decisions are made solely at your discretion and risk.
Best regards and happy trading
Chervolino
EMP Probabilistic [CHE]Part 1 — For Traders (Practical Overview, no formulas)
What this tool does
EMP Probabilistic \ turns raw price action into a clean, probability-aware map. It builds two adaptive bands around the session open of a higher timeframe you choose (called the S-timeframe) and highlights a robust median threshold. At a glance you know:
Where price has recently tended to stay,
Whether current momentum sits above or below the median, and
A live Long vs. Short probability based on recent outcomes.
Why it improves decisions
Objective context in any regime: The nonparametric band comes straight from recent market behavior, without assuming a particular distribution.
Volatility-aware risk lens: The parametric band adapts to current volatility, helping you judge stretch and room for continuation or snap-back.
No lookahead: All stats update only after an S-bar is finished. That means the panel reflects information you truly had at that time.
How to read the chart
Orange band = empirical, distribution-free range derived from recent session returns (nonparametric).
Teal band = volatility-scaled range around the session open (parametric).
Median dots: green when close is above the median threshold, red when below.
Info panel: shows the active S-timeframe, window sizes, live coverage for both bands, the internal width parameter and volatility estimate, plus a one-line summary.
Probability label: “Long XX% • Short YY%” — a simple read on the recent balance of up vs. down S-bars.
How to use it (quick start)
1. Choose S-timeframe with Auto, Multiplier, or Manual. “Auto” scales your chart TF up to a sensible higher step.
2. Set alpha to control how tight the inner band should be. A typical value gives you a comfortable center zone without cutting off healthy trends.
3. Trade the context:
Trend-following: Prefer longs when price holds above the median; prefer shorts when it stays below.
Mean-reversion: Fade moves near the outer edges during ranges; look for reversion back toward the median.
Breakout filter: Require closes that push and hold beyond the volatility band for momentum plays; avoid noise when price chops inside the middle of the orange band.
Risk management made practical
Size positions relative to the teal band width to keep risk consistent across instruments and regimes.
For stops, many traders set them just beyond the opposite orange bound or use a fraction of the teal band.
Watch the panel’s coverage readouts and Brier score; when they deteriorate, the market may be shifting — reduce size or demand stronger confirmation.
Suggested presets
Scalping (Crypto/FX): Auto S-TF, alpha around a fifth, calibration window near two hundred, RS volatility, metrics window near two hundred.
Intraday Futures: Multiplier 3–5× your chart TF; similar alpha and window sizes; RS volatility is a solid default.
Swing/Equities: S-TF at least daily; test both RS and GK volatility modes; keep windows on the larger side for stability.
What makes it different
Two complementary lenses: a distribution-free read of recent behavior and a volatility-scaled read for risk and stretch.
Self-calibrating width: the parametric band quietly nudges its internal multiplier so actual coverage tracks your target.
Clean UX: grouped inputs, tooltips, an info panel that tells you what’s going on, and a simple median bias you can act on.
Repainting & timing
The logic updates only when the S-bar closes. On lower-timeframe charts you’ll see intrabar flips of the dot color — that’s just live price moving around. For strict signals, confirm on S-bar close.
Friendly note (not financial advice)
Use this as a context engine. It won’t predict the future, but it will keep you on the right side of probability and volatility more often, which is exactly where consistency starts.
Part 2 — Under the Hood (Conceptual, no formulas)
Data and timeframe design
The script works on a higher S-timeframe you select. It fetches the open, high, low, close, and time of that S-bar. Internally, it only updates its rolling windows after an S-bar has finished. It then pushes the previous S-bar’s statistics into its arrays. That design removes lookahead and keeps the metrics out-of-sample relative to the current S-bar.
Nonparametric band (distribution-free)
The orange band comes from the empirical distribution of recent session-level close-minus-open moves. The script keeps a rolling window, sorts a safe copy, and reads three key points: a lower bound, a median, and an upper bound. Because it’s based purely on observed outcomes, it adapts naturally to skew, fat tails, and regime shifts without assuming any particular shape. The orange range shows “where price has tended to live” lately on the chosen S-timeframe.
Parametric band (volatility-scaled)
The teal band models log-space variability around the session open using one of two well-known OHLC volatility estimators: Rogers–Satchell or Garman–Klass. Each estimator contributes a per-bar variance figure; the script averages these across the rolling window to form a current volatility scale. It then builds a symmetric band around the session open in price space. This gives you a volatility-aware notion of stretch that complements the distribution-free orange band.
Self-calibration of band width
The teal band has an internal width multiplier. After each completed S-bar the script checks whether the realized move stayed inside that band. If the band was too tight, the multiplier is nudged upward; if it was too loose, it’s eased downward. A simple learning rate governs how quickly it adapts. Over time this keeps the realized inside-coverage close to the target implied by your alpha setting, without you having to hand-tune anything.
Long/Short probability and calibration quality
The Long vs. Short probability is a transparent statistic: it’s just the recent fraction of up sessions in the rolling window. It is not a complex model — and that’s the point. You get an honest, intuitive read on directional tendency.
To monitor how well this simple probability lines up with reality, the script tracks a Brier-style score over a separate metrics window. Lower is better: it means your recent probability read has matched outcomes more closely.
Coverage tracking for both bands
The panel reports coverage for the orange band (nonparametric) and the teal band (parametric). These are rolling averages of how often recent S-bar moves landed inside each band. Watching these two numbers tells you whether market behavior still aligns with the recent distribution and with the current volatility model.
Why it doesn’t repaint
Because the arrays update only when an S-bar closes and only push the previous bar’s stats, the panel and metrics reflect information you had at the time. Intrabar visuals can change while a bar is forming — that’s expected — but the decision framework itself is anchored to completed S-bars.
Performance and practicality
The heaviest step is sorting a copy of the window for the nonparametric band. With typical window sizes this stays responsive on TradingView. The volatility estimators and rolling averages are lightweight. Inputs are grouped with clear tooltips so you can tune without hunting.
Limitations and good practice
In thin or gappy markets the bands can jump; consider a larger window or a higher S-timeframe.
During violent regime shifts, shorten the window and increase the learning rate slightly so the teal band catches up faster — but don’t overdo it, or you’ll chase noise.
The Long/Short probability is intentionally simple; it’s a context indicator, not a standalone signal factory. Combine it with structure, volume, or your execution rules.
Takeaway
Under the hood, the script blends empirical behavior and volatility scaling, then self-calibrates so the teal band’s real-world coverage stays near your target. You get clarity, consistency, and a dashboard that tells you when its own assumptions are holding up — exactly what you need to trade with confidence.
Disclaimer
The content provided, including all code and materials, is strictly for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as, and should not be interpreted as, financial advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any financial instrument, or an offer of any financial product or service. All strategies, tools, and examples discussed are provided for illustrative purposes to demonstrate coding techniques and the functionality of Pine Script within a trading context.
Any results from strategies or tools provided are hypothetical, and past performance is not indicative of future results. Trading and investing involve high risk, including the potential loss of principal, and may not be suitable for all individuals. Before making any trading decisions, please consult with a qualified financial professional to understand the risks involved.
By using this script, you acknowledge and agree that any trading decisions are made solely at your discretion and risk.
Best regards and happy trading
Chervolino
Apex Edge – HTF Overlay Candles“Trade your 5m chart with the eyes of the 1H — Apex Edge brings higher-timeframe structure and liquidity sweeps directly onto your execution chart.”
Apex Edge – HTF Overlay Candles
The Apex Edge – HTF Overlay Candles indicator overlays higher-timeframe (HTF) candles directly onto your lower-timeframe chart. Instead of flipping between timeframes, you see HTF structure “breathe” live on your execution chart.
What It Does
• HTF Body Boxes → open/close zones drawn as semi-transparent rectangles.
• HTF Wick Boxes → high/low extremes projected as envelopes around each body.
• Midpoint Line → a dynamic equilibrium line that flips bias as price trades above or below.
• Sweep Arrows → one-time markers showing the first liquidity raid at HTF highs or lows.
Under the Hood
This isn’t just a visual overlay — it’s engineered for accuracy and performance in PineScript.
1. HTF Data Retrieval
• Uses request.security() to import open, high, low, close, time from any selected HTF.
• lookahead=barmerge.lookahead_off ensures OHLC values update bar by bar as the HTF
candle builds.
• When the HTF bar closes, boxes and midpoint lock to historical values — matching the
native HTF chart exactly.
2. Box Construction
• Body box: built from HTF open → close.
• Wick box: built from HTF high → low.
• Boxes extend dynamically across each HTF period, updating in real time, then freeze at
close.
3. Midpoint Logic
• (htfOpen + htfClose) / 2 calculates intrabar midpoint.
• Line drawn edge-to-edge across the active HTF body.
• Style, width, color, and opacity are user-controlled.
4. Sweep Detection
• Flags (sweepedHigh / sweepedLow) prevent clutter: only the first tap per side per HTF
candle is marked.
• Lower-timeframe price breaking the HTF high/low triggers the sweep arrow.
• Arrows are offset above/below wick envelopes for clean visuals.
5. Customisation
• Every layer (body, wick, midpoint, arrows) has independent color + opacity settings.
• Arrow size, arrow color, and transparency are adjustable.
• Default HTF = 1H (perfect for 5m/15m traders) but can be switched to 30m, 4H, Daily,
etc.
Why It’s Useful
• HTF intent + LTF execution without chart hopping.
• Liquidity mapping: see where liquidity is swept in real time.
• Bias clarity: midpoint line defines HTF equilibrium.
• Clean signals: only the first sweep prints — no spam.
What Makes It Different
Most MTF overlays just plot candles or single lines. This tool:
• Splits body vs wick zones for institutional precision.
• Updates live intrabar (no repainting).
• Highlights liquidity sweeps clearly.
• Built for readability and professional use — not another retail signal toy.
Cheat-Sheet Playbook
1️⃣ Structure Bias
• Above midpoint line = bullish intent.
• Below midpoint line = bearish intent.
• Chop around midpoint = no clear direction.
2️⃣ Liquidity Sweeps
• ▲ Green up arrow below wick box = sell-side liquidity taken → watch for longs.
• ▼ Red down arrow above wick box = buy-side liquidity taken → watch for shorts.
• First sweep is the cleanest.
3️⃣ Trade Logic
• Body box = where institutions transact.
• Wick box = liquidity traps.
• Midpoint = bias filter.
• Best setups occur when sweep + midpoint flip align.
4️⃣ Example (5m + 1H Overlay)
1. ▲ Green up arrow prints below HTF wick.
2. Price reclaims the body box.
3. Midpoint flips to support.
4. Enter long → stop below sweep → targets = midpoint first, opposite wick second.
In short:
• Boxes = structure
• Wicks = liquidity pools
• Midpoint = bias line
• Arrows = liquidity sweeps
This is your SMC edge on one chart — HTF structure and liquidity fused directly into your execution timeframe.
Previous Day OHLCDescription :
This script automatically draws the previous day’s Open, High, Low, and Close levels on each trading day. Traders widely use these reference levels to identify key support and resistance zones, potential breakout areas, and intraday bias.
The levels update daily and remain visible throughout the trading session to quickly identify price interactions with yesterday’s important zones.
Features :
Plots the previous day’s Open, High, Low, and Close.
Levels extend across the full trading day for easy reference.
Useful for intraday and swing traders tracking price reactions at historical levels.
Nifty CPR by Foresight Trading📌 Indicator Name:
Nifty CPR by Foresight Trading
📖 Description:
This indicator plots the Central Pivot Range (CPR) along with the first resistance (R1) and first support (S1) levels, calculated from the previous day’s OHLC values.
Pivot (P) = (High + Low + Close) ÷ 3
BC (Bottom Central Pivot) = (High + Low) ÷ 2
TC (Top Central Pivot) = P + (P – BC)
R1 = (2 × Pivot) – Low
S1 = (2 × Pivot) – High
✅ The CPR and pivot levels are locked for the entire trading day, so they do not repaint intraday.
✅ Plotted as colored circles (dots) across the day for clear visibility.
✅ New levels are generated only at the start of a new session.
🎯 Usage:
Traders use CPR as a trend bias tool:
Narrow CPR → higher probability of trending day.
Wide CPR → higher probability of sideways/consolidation day.
R1 and S1 act as key intraday support & resistance zones.
⚡ Best For:
Intraday traders & scalpers
Index traders (Nifty, BankNifty, Stocks etc.)
Anyone who uses Pivot Point + CPR trading strategies
Nifty CPR by Foresight Trading📌 Indicator Name:
Nifty CPR by Foresight Trading
📖 Description:
This indicator plots the Central Pivot Range (CPR) along with the first resistance (R1) and first support (S1) levels, calculated from the previous day’s OHLC values.
Pivot (P) = (High + Low + Close) ÷ 3
BC (Bottom Central Pivot) = (High + Low) ÷ 2
TC (Top Central Pivot) = P + (P – BC)
R1 = (2 × Pivot) – Low
S1 = (2 × Pivot) – High
✅ The CPR and pivot levels are locked for the entire trading day, so they do not repaint intraday.
✅ Plotted as colored circles (dots) across the day for clear visibility.
✅ New levels are generated only at the start of a new session.
🎯 Usage:
Traders use CPR as a trend bias tool:
Narrow CPR → higher probability of trending day.
Wide CPR → higher probability of sideways/consolidation day.
R1 and S1 act as key intraday support & resistance zones.
⚡ Best For:
Intraday traders & scalpers
Index traders (Nifty, BankNifty, Stocks etc.)
Anyone who uses Pivot Point + CPR trading strategies
Heikin Ashi Overlay SuiteHeikin Ashi Overlay Suite is designed to give traders more control and clarity when working with Heikin Ashi candles — whether you're analyzing trend strength, reducing chart noise, or simply improving your visual read of market momentum. It works by layering multiple types of HA overlays and color systems on top of your standard candlestick chart — without switching chart types. With dynamic gradient coloring, smoothing options, and a predictive line tool, this script helps you see not just what the current trend is, but how strong it is, and what it would take to reverse it.
Heikin Ashi candles help reduce noise but this script goes further by:
➡️adding color intelligence that shows trend strength using a streak counter
➡️uses smoothing logic to clean up chop and whipsaws
➡️introduces a predictive close line — a subtle but powerful guide for anticipating trend flips before they happen
Everything is configurable: colors, candle sources, overlays, predictive tools, and line styles. It’s built for traders who want visual speed, but don’t want to sacrifice signal quality.
At its core, the script offers two powerful dropdown controls:
💥HA Color Scheme (Colors Regular Candles) — Applies Heikin Ashi-derived coloring to your regular candles based on trend direction or streak strength. This gives you instant visual context without switching to a separate chart type.
💥HA Candle Overlay Mode — Overlays actual Heikin Ashi-style candles directly on top of your chart, using your preferred source:
➡️Custom HA candles using internal formula logic
➡️TradingView’s built-in Heikin Ashi source with your own colors
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
🎨 Custom + Gradient HA Coloring🎨
See trend strength at a glance:
➡️1–4 bar streaks → lighter tone
➡️5–8 bars → medium tone
➡️9+ bars → bold tone, ideal for momentum-based entries, exits, or scaling strategies
→ Choose from:
➡️Your own custom color set
➡️A simple 2-color base mode
➡️Or a 3-level gradient for progressive trend analysis (using the streak counter)
🏛️ TradingView Official Heikin Ashi Overlay
Prefer native HA candles but want your own colors?
This mode plots TradingView's Heikin Ashi source, with your personal bullish/bearish color scheme.
➡️Ensures consistency with built-in charts while still leveraging your visual style.
🌊 Smoothed Heikin Ashi Candles — Clarity in Chaos🌊
These aren’t your standard HA candles. Smoothed Heikin Ashi uses a two-step EMA process to transform chaotic price action into a cleaner, slower-moving trend structure:
🔹 First, it smooths the raw OHLC data using EMA — filtering out minor price fluctuations.
🔹 Then, it applies the Heikin Ashi transformation on top of the smoothed data.
🔹 Finally, it applies a second EMA smoothing pass to the HA values — creating ultra-smooth candles.
📈 What You See:
Trends appear more fluid and consistent.
Choppy ranges and fakeouts are visually suppressed.
Minor pullbacks within a trend are de-emphasized, helping you avoid premature exits.
🎯 Best For:
Swing traders looking to stay in positions longer.
Intraday traders dealing with volatile or noisy instruments.
Anyone who wants a "trend map" overlay without the distractions of raw price action.
✅ Reduces whipsaws
✅ Delivers high-contrast trend zones
✅ Makes reversals more visually apparent (but with a slight lag)
📍 Predictive Close Line📍
Shows where the real close must land to flip the current HA candle's color.
✅ Use it like predictive support/resistance
✅ Know if the trend is actually at risk
✅Visualize potential fakeouts or confirmation
Color-coded based on current HA direction (bullish, bearish, or neutral).
📈 Tick by tick & bar-to-bar Plots📈
Provides 2 plot types:
1)1 plot that tracks a bar tick by tick
2)another plot that tracks the close from bar to bar
For the bar to bar plot, you can choose between 2 options:
✅Full Plot — continuous line colored by HA trend
✅Recent Segments — color just the last few bars (configurable) to reduce chart clutter
✅ Customize width, number of bars, and visibility
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📘 How to Use this script📘
Imagine you're watching a choppy 15-minute chart on a volatile crypto pair — price action is messy, and it’s hard to tell if a trend is forming or just noise.
Here’s how to cut through the chaos using Heikin Ashi Overlay Suite:
🔹 Step 1: Enable "Smoothed HA Candles"
Start by turning on the smoothed candles. You’ll immediately notice the noise fades, and broader directional moves become easier to follow. It's like switching from static to clean trend zones.
🧠 Why: Smoothed HA uses a double EMA process that filters out small reversals and lets larger moves stand out. Perfect for sideways or jittery charts.
🔹 Step 2: Watch the Color Gradient Build
As the smoothed candles begin to align in one direction, the gradient coloring (1–4, 5–8, 9+ streaks) gives you an at-a-glance visual of how strong the trend is.
✅ If you see 9+ same-colored candles? You’re likely in a mature trend.
✅ If it resets often? You’re in chop — consider staying out.
🔹 Step 3: Use the Predictive Close Line for Anticipation
Now here’s the edge — this line tells you where the candle would have to close to flip colors.
📉 If price is hovering just above it during a bullish run — momentum may be weakening.
📈 If price bounces off it — the trend may be strengthening.
This is excellent for confirming entries, exits, or spotting early warning signs.
🔹 Step 4: Switch Between Candle Modes as Needed
You can flip between:
✅ Custom HA: Gradient candles with your colors
✅ TradingView HA: The official source with your styling
✅ None: Just color regular candles using the HA logic
Use what fits your style — everything is modular.
🔹 Step 5: Tune It to Your Chart
Lastly, tweak streak thresholds (currently only can do this within the source code), smoothing lengths, and line styles to match your timeframe and strategy.
🎯 Tailor The Settings to Fit Your Trading Style🎯
🔹 🧪 Scalper (1–5 min charts)
If you’re trading fast intraday moves, you want quicker responsiveness and less lag.
Try these settings:
🔸Smoothing Lengths: Use lower values (e.g. len = 3, len2 = 5)
🔸Candle Mode: Use Custom HA or TV’s HA for real-time color flips
🔸Predictive Close Line: Great for ultra-fast anticipation of color reversals
🔸Line Mode: Use Recent Segments mode to track short bursts of trend
🔸Colors: Use high-contrast, opaque colors for clarity
✅ These settings help you catch micro-trends and flip signals faster, while still filtering out the worst of the noise.
🔹 🧪 Swing Trader (30m–4h charts and beyond)
If you’re looking for multi-hour or multi-day trend confirmation, prioritize clarity and staying in moves longer.
Recommended setup:
🔸Smoothing Lengths: Medium to high values (e.g. len = 8, len2 = 21)
🔸Candle Mode: Use Smoothed HA Candles to block out intrabar chop
🔸Gradient Colors: Enable to visualize trend maturity and strength
🔸Predictive Close Line: Helps confirm trend continuation or spot early reversals
🔸Line Mode: Use Full Plot Line for clean HA-based trend tracking
✅ These settings give you a calm, clean view of the bigger picture — ideal for holding positions longer and avoiding early exits.
🔧 This script isn’t just a chart overlay — it’s a visual trend engine.🔧
Ideal For:
🔶 Trend-followers who want clean, color-coded confirmation
🔶 Reversal traders spotting exhaustion via predictive flips
🔶 Scalpers filtering noise with lighter smoothing
🔶 Swing traders using smoothed visuals to hold longer
📌 Final Note
Heikin Ashi Overlay Pro is designed to help you see momentum, trend shifts, and market structure with greater clarity — not to predict price on its own. For best results:
✔️ Combine with support/resistance, moving averages, or price action patterns
✔️ Use Predictive Close as a confirmation tool, not a signal generator
✔️ Pair gradient colors with structure to gauge trend maturity
✔️ Always zoom out and check higher timeframes for context
🧠 Use this as part of a layered approach — not a standalone system.
🙏 Credits🙏
⚡HA logic based on SimpleCryptoLife
⚡Smoothed HA concept adapted from a script by Jackvmk
💡💡💡Turn logic into clarity. Structure into trades. And uncertainty into confidence.💡💡💡
Weinstein Stage Analyzer — Table Only (more padding)What it does
This indicator applies Stan Weinstein’s Stage Analysis (Stages 1–4) and presents the result in a clean, compact table only—no lines, labels, or overlays. It shows:
• Previous Stage
• Current Stage (with Early / Mature / Late tag)
• Duration (how long price has been in the current stage, in HTF bars)
• Sentiment (Bullish / Bearish / Balanced / Cautious, derived from stage & maturity)
Timeframe-aware logic
• Weekly charts: classic 30-period MA (Weinstein’s original 30-week concept).
• Daily & Intraday: computed on Daily 150 as a practical daily translation of the 30-week idea.
• Monthly: ~7-period MA (~30 weeks ≈ 7 months).
The stage classification itself is evaluated on this HTF context and then displayed on your active chart.
EMA/SMA toggle
Choose EMA (default) or SMA for the trend line used in stage detection.
How stages are decided (practical rules)
• Stage 2 (Advance): MA rising with price above an upper band.
• Stage 4 (Decline): MA falling with price below a lower band.
• Flat MA zones become Stage 1 (Base) or Stage 3 (Top) depending on the prior trend.
“Maturity” tags (Early/Mature/Late) come from run length and extension beyond the band.
Inputs you can tweak
• MA Type: EMA / SMA
• Price Band (±%) and Slope Threshold to tighten/loosen stage flips
• Maturity thresholds: min/max bars & late-extension %
Notes
• Duration is for the entire current stage (e.g., total time in Stage 4), not just the maturity slice.
• A Top Padding Rows input is included to nudge the table lower if it overlaps your OHLC readout.
Disclaimer
For educational use only. Not financial advice. Always confirm with your own analysis, risk management, and market context.
CandelaCharts - Projections 📝 Overview
Projections turns a hand-picked swing window into clean, forward price levels. You pick a time range and an anchor (wick or body); the tool finds that window’s reference extremes (Level 0 & Level 1) and then projects directional extensions (e.g., −1, −2, −2.5, −4) in the chosen bias (Auto / Bullish / Bearish). It draws flat lines across the chart with optional labels so you can plan targets, fade zones, or continuation levels at a glance.
📦 Features
This section highlights the core capabilities you’ll rely on most.
Window-based engine — Define a start/end time; the script records open/high/low/close inside that window and builds levels from those extremes.
Two anchor styles — Project from Wick extremes (Hi/Lo) or Body extremes (max/min of OHLC at the high/low bars).
Directional bias — Auto (up if net up; doji resolves by wick dominance), or force Bullish/Bearish for one-sided extensions.
Default & Custom levels — Toggle pre-sets (−1/−2/−2.5/−4) or enter your own comma-separated list (decimals supported).
Readable drawings — Per-level colors (defaults) or unified bull/bear color (custom), with label size, line style, and width controls.
⚙️ Settings
Use these controls to define the window, pick the projection style, and customize the visuals.
Settings (Core)
From / To — Start and end timestamps of the capture window (everything is computed from this segment).
Bias — Auto / Bullish / Bearish. Guides which way negative levels extend (up for bull, down for bear).
Anchor — Wick uses Hi/Lo; Body uses the body extremes at the high/low bars.
Levels
Levels = Default — Enable any of −1, −2, −2.5, −4 and set each color.
Levels = Custom — Provide your own list (e.g., “−0.5, −1, −1.5, −3”) and pick Bullish/Bearish colors. (Custom uses one color per side.)
Style
Labels — Show/Hide the numeric level tag at the line’s right edge; choose label size.
Lines — Pick solid/dashed/dotted and line width.
⚡️ Showcase
Bearish Projection
Bullish Projection
📒 Usage
Follow these steps to set the window, generate levels, and turn them into a trade plan.
1) Mark the window — Set From/To around the swing you want to project (e.g., prior day, news impulse, weekly move).
2) Choose bias — Auto adapts; or lock Bullish/Bearish if you only want upside or downside projections.
3) Pick anchor — Wick = raw extremes; Body = more conservative reference. Body helps when single-print wicks distort levels.
4) Select levels — Toggle defaults or add a custom list. Negative values (−1, −2, …) extend beyond the reference extreme in the bias direction. (Level 0 and 1 are always drawn as the reference pair.)
5) Style it — Turn labels on, adjust size, and set line style/width for visibility on your timeframe.
6) Trade plan — Treat projections as reaction/continuation zones: scale out into −1/−2/−2.5, watch for fades back into the band, or ride continuation when price accepts beyond a level.
🚨 Alerts
There are no built-in alerts in this version.
⚠️ Disclaimer
Trading involves significant risk, and many participants may incur losses. The content on this site is not intended as financial advice and should not be interpreted as such. Decisions to buy, sell, hold, or trade securities, commodities, or other financial instruments carry inherent risks and are best made with guidance from qualified financial professionals. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Modified - Pivot Points Standard with Daily H/L/CThis indicator plots Pivot Points Standard with six calculation methods (Traditional, Fibonacci, Woodie, Classic, DM, Camarilla) and flexible anchors (Auto/D/W/M/Q/Y and multi-year). You can restrict pivots to the current day/week/month, choose daily-based data (uses higher-timeframe OHLC; futures use settlement close) or intraday aggregation, and independently style pivots versus previous-period lines with solid/dashed/dotted types and custom widths. Per-level colors are provided (PP/R/S), with R4/R5 and S4/S5 off by default, plus optional labels showing prices positioned left or right. It also draws the previous Day/Week/Month High, Low, and Close across the current period using completed higher-timeframe values (lookahead_off with ), ensuring they always reflect the prior session/period. Rendering is optimized by limiting historical pivot sets and auto-cleaning old lines for smooth performance on any timeframe.
Cumulative Volume Delta Candles Aggregated (Lite)Cumulative Volume Delta Candles Aggregated (Lite)
Multi-Exchange CVD Visualization in Candle Format
This indicator provides an aggregated Cumulative Volume Delta (CVD) view across multiple major perpetual futures exchanges in one chart. It is designed for traders who want a broader perspective on buying and selling pressure without switching between multiple charts or relying on a single exchange feed.
What It Does
Combines volume delta data from Binance, Bybit, OKX, Bitget, and Coinbase into a unified representation.
Displays CVD as candlesticks, where each candle reflects the open, high, low, and close of cumulative delta for the selected period.
Offers a clear visual of how buying and selling pressure evolves across markets in a structured, familiar candle format.
Key Features
✔ Exchange Aggregation: Incorporates data from several top futures markets available on TradingView.
✔ Anchor Reset: Allows you to set an anchor timeframe (e.g., daily) to reset cumulative values for better readability and analysis.
✔ Unit Normalization: Since exchanges report volumes in different units, the indicator normalizes all data and outputs values denominated in the base currency (coins) for consistency.
✔ Hidden OHLC Outputs: Provides open, high, low, and close values as hidden plots for use with other indicators or strategies.
✔ Lightweight Design: Optimized for efficiency while handling multiple real-time data requests.
Why It’s Different
Unlike standard single-exchange CVD tools, this indicator aggregates the majority of perpetual volume data available on TradingView, offering a more representative view of market sentiment. The candle-based representation of CVD introduces an additional layer of structure, helping traders identify shifts in momentum and pressure with more context than a simple cumulative line.
Use Cases
- Spotting aggregated buy/sell pressure trends across multiple exchanges.
- Confirming breakout or reversal signals with broader volume delta context.
- Serving as a custom data source for other indicators or algorithmic strategies.
HTF HV Lines + Exceptional + Nearest Breakout (core only)Non-repainting breakout tool that maps high-volume (HV) levels from a higher timeframe (Daily by default) onto any intraday chart. It detects new HV bars only when the higher-timeframe candle closes, then draws persistent horizontal lines at that bar’s high and low. Optionally color “exceptional” volume events. On the trading timeframe, the script watches the nearest HV line and flags breakouts using OHLC quality checks: ATR-scaled close distance, minimum real body, and small opposite wick. Inputs let you cap stored events, tune strictness, ignore stale lines, and manage visual style easily.
HTF POC with Zones & AlertsPlots a Point of Control (POC) per candle from a timeframe you choose (MTF). Because TradingView doesn’t expose true footprint data, the POC here is a proxy (choose: Body Mid, Range Mid, or Typical Price HLC3). The script draws the POC line and an optional POC zone (±% of that candle’s range), then alerts when price retests the zone (wick touches count).
Use it to:
Mark key levels inside candles that often act as magnets or reaction zones
Track retests of strong bars (imbalance) across higher timeframes
Add clean confluence with S/R, FVGs, or trend tools
Features: Selectable TF, zone width, extend lines/zones, historical caps, alerts, and info panel.
Note: This is an estimate of POC from OHLC, not real bid/ask volume. Use as context, not a standalone signal.
Malama's KAYCAP Pre-Market Box# Pre-Market Single Candle Range Box
## What Makes This Script Original
While many scripts plot entire pre-market session ranges, this indicator focuses specifically on **a single user-defined candle** within the pre-market period rather than the entire session. This targeted approach allows traders to isolate the most relevant price action from a specific time (default: 4:00 AM EST) that often establishes key levels for the trading day.
## Core Methodology & Technical Implementation
**Single Candle Isolation:**
- Captures OHLC data from one specific minute within pre-market hours (user configurable)
- Differentiates between the candle's body (open/close range) and wicks (high/low extremes)
- Creates four distinct reference levels instead of traditional session high/low boxes
**Dual Box Structure:**
- **Inner Box (Body):** Plots the range between open and close prices of the target candle
- **Outer Boundaries:** Separately plots the high and low of that same candle
- **Visual Differentiation:** Uses different colors and line weights to distinguish body vs. wick levels
**Time-Specific Logic:**
The script uses precise time matching (`hour == boxHour and minute == boxMinute`) to capture data from exactly one candle, rather than aggregating an entire session. This creates four specific price levels:
- Box Top: Higher of open/close (body boundary)
- Box Bottom: Lower of open/close (body boundary)
- Box High: Candle high (wick extreme)
- Box Low: Candle low (wick extreme)
## Why This Approach Differs from Standard Session Boxes
**vs. Full Session Ranges:** Focuses on a single critical minute rather than entire pre-market period
**vs. Traditional S/R:** Creates both body and wick levels from one specific candle
**vs. Opening Range:** Uses pre-market data rather than regular session opening minutes
## Practical Application
The 4:00 AM EST default targets a time when institutional pre-market activity often establishes initial sentiment and key levels. By isolating this specific candle's range:
- **Body levels** often act as initial support/resistance during regular hours
- **Wick extremes** provide broader range boundaries for breakout analysis
- **Precise timing** allows focus on the most statistically relevant pre-market moment
## Technical Considerations
- Requires intraday timeframes (1-minute recommended) to capture specific candle data
- Time settings should match your broker's timezone for accurate candle selection
- Works best on liquid instruments where pre-market activity is meaningful
- The selected candle must exist in your data feed for the levels to plot
## Customization Options
All timing parameters are adjustable:
- Target candle hour and minute
- Pre-market session definition (for context)
- Visual styling for all four level types
This focused approach provides more granular analysis than broad session ranges while maintaining simplicity in execution.
Doji Detector - ZTFNon-Lagging Doji Detector
This indicator automatically identifies and plots four types of doji candlestick patterns in real-time.
Common Doji - Small body with balanced upper and lower shadows (blue diamond)
Long-Legged Doji - Small body with very long shadows on both sides (purple square)
Dragonfly Doji - Small body with long lower shadow, minimal upper shadow (green triangle)
Four-Price Doji - All prices (OHLC) nearly equal, forming a flat line (orange cross)
Key Features:
Detects patterns as they form (non-lagging) or waits for candle close confirmation
Adjustable body size threshold (default 10% of candle range)
Tiny, unobtrusive labels positioned below bars
Works on all timeframes and instruments
Simple pattern recognition without directional bias
How it works: The indicator analyzes each candle's body size relative to its total range and shadow proportions. It uses a hierarchy system to classify each doji into its most specific type, ensuring only one label per candle.






















