HarmonicPatternTrackingLibrary "HarmonicPatternTracking"
Library contains few data structures and methods for tracking harmonic pattern trades via pinescript.
method draw(this)
Creates and draws HarmonicDrawing object for given HarmonicPattern
Namespace types: HarmonicPattern
Parameters:
this (HarmonicPattern) : HarmonicPattern object
Returns: current HarmonicPattern object
method addTrade(this)
calculates HarmonicTrade and sets trade object for HarmonicPattern
Namespace types: HarmonicPattern
Parameters:
this (HarmonicPattern) : HarmonicPattern object
Returns: bool true if pattern trades are valid, false otherwise
method delete(this)
Deletes drawing objects of HarmonicDrawing
Namespace types: HarmonicDrawing
Parameters:
this (HarmonicDrawing) : HarmonicDrawing object
Returns: current HarmonicDrawing object
method delete(this)
Deletes drawings of harmonic pattern
Namespace types: HarmonicPattern
Parameters:
this (HarmonicPattern) : HarmonicPattern object
Returns: current HarmonicPattern object
HarmonicDrawing
Drawing objects of Harmonic Pattern
Fields:
xa (series line) : xa line
ab (series line) : ab line
bc (series line) : bc line
cd (series line) : cd line
xb (series line) : xb line
bd (series line) : bd line
ac (series line) : ac line
xd (series line) : xd line
x (series label) : label for pivot x
a (series label) : label for pivot a
b (series label) : label for pivot b
c (series label) : label for pivot c
d (series label) : label for pivot d
xabRatio (series label) : label for XAB Ratio
abcRatio (series label) : label for ABC Ratio
bcdRatio (series label) : label for BCD Ratio
xadRatio (series label) : label for XAD Ratio
HarmonicTrade
Trade tracking parameters of Harmonic Patterns
Fields:
initialEntry (series float) : initial entry when pattern first formed.
entry (series float) : trailed entry price.
initialStop (series float) : initial stop when trade first entered.
stop (series float) : current stop updated as per trailing rules.
target1 (series float) : First target value
target2 (series float) : Second target value
target3 (series float) : Third target value
target4 (series float) : Fourth target value
status (series int) : Trade status referenced as integer
retouch (series bool) : Flag to show if the price retouched after entry
HarmonicProperties
Display and trade calculation properties for Harmonic Patterns
Fields:
fillMajorTriangles (series bool) : Display property used for using linefill for harmonic major triangles
fillMinorTriangles (series bool) : Display property used for using linefill for harmonic minor triangles
majorFillTransparency (series int) : transparency setting for major triangles
minorFillTransparency (series int) : transparency setting for minor triangles
showXABCD (series bool) : Display XABCD pivot labels
lblSizePivots (series string) : Pivot label size
showRatios (series bool) : Display Ratio labels
useLogScaleForScan (series bool) : Use log scale to determine fib ratios for pattern scanning
useLogScaleForTargets (series bool) : Use log scale to determine fib ratios for target calculation
base (series string) : base on which calculation of stop/targets are made.
entryRatio (series float) : fib ratio to calculate entry
stopRatio (series float) : fib ratio to calculate initial stop
target1Ratio (series float) : fib ratio to calculate first target
target2Ratio (series float) : fib ratio to calculate second target
target3Ratio (series float) : fib ratio to calculate third target
target4Ratio (series float) : fib ratio to calculate fourth target
HarmonicPattern
Harmonic pattern object to track entire pattern trade life cycle
Fields:
id (series int) : Pattern Id
dir (series int) : pattern direction
x (series float) : X Pivot
a (series float) : A Pivot
b (series float) : B Pivot
c (series float) : C Pivot
d (series float) : D Pivot
xBar (series int) : Bar index of X Pivot
aBar (series int) : Bar index of A Pivot
bBar (series int) : Bar index of B Pivot
cBar (series int) : Bar index of C Pivot
dBar (series int) : Bar index of D Pivot
przStart (series float) : Start of PRZ range
przEnd (series float) : End of PRZ range
patterns (bool ) : array representing the patterns
patternLabel (series string) : string representation of list of patterns
patternColor (series color) : color assigned to pattern
properties (HarmonicProperties) : HarmonicProperties object containing display and calculation properties
trade (HarmonicTrade) : HarmonicTrade object to track trades
drawing (HarmonicDrawing) : HarmonicDrawing object to manage drawings
Hewhomustnotbenamed
Volatility Percentile (H-LINES)A simple script that adjusts the Volatility Percentile Indicator visibly in order to better accommodate entries/exits and certain trading setups/strategies.
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TL;DR - Remember after a full reset, we are looking for initial crosses UP on the UpperSwingline and crosses DOWN on the LowerSwingline for primary and secondary signal derivation.
Vice versa also works great but the prior method mentioned is a little more consistent in my experience, but you should mess around and optimise this for your own setups and strategies anyway.
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ORIGINAL SCRIPT HERE:
^Click image for a redirect to that script.
ALL CREDIT GOES TO: www.tradingview.com
He wrote everything so give credit where it's due, good bit of kit this here script is.
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HOW I USE MY VISUALLY ALTERED VERSION OF THIS SCRIPT
First of all, the alterations I've made seem only to be consistently viable with renko charts though if you can get the sought after results using candles or any other chart type then perfect, but be wary. All my back-testing done only with LinReg, HMA and SWMA - ATR type settings exclusively on renko charts. The changes I've made to the original script essentially just turns it visibly into an oscillator and uses a couple horizontal lines to generate signals, very simple - absolutely nothing has changed in the actual code of calculating this indicator.
What I believe my adjustments have achieved is quite simple. A full reset/oscillation on the indicator tries to map the strongest parts of a move or at least the part of the move where volume and the rate of transactions is at its peak to even facilitate said move. *take this statement with a pinch of salt though I do believe it's interacting with accumulation/distribution patterns, which is expected of volatility*
For ease of communication let's refer to the area between the the first UpperSwingline cross to the subsequent LowerSwingline cross, as the primary move. Then afterwards when it crosses the UpperSwingline again to make the full reset, the area in between those two points referred to as the secondary move.
Though more interestingly/practically the indicator ends up giving you two signals. In order for this to work we have to first decide that a spike up in volatility which crosses the UpperSwingline implies a significant level of interest at that price level. Usually that means a reversal is brewing, if price has already moved, trended and is approaching a certain area of value; which causes a spike of new positions to be taken, then you know that this is a level where contrarians are looking to enter. Now here's the tricky part, when volatility crosses the LowerSwingline price action becomes a little more open for interpretation, the way I personally like to look at this secondary signal is the potential for an exhaustion period to prolong itself a little longer. I know that's not the perfect analysis for what's going on, a more in-depth look into what's going on would best be described using Elliott Wave Theory, if a cross on the UpperSwingline near a significant area of value gives us a reversal trade lets just assume for the sake of argument that a new Elliott Wave can begin forming here. Making the move from that initial UpperSwngline cross to the cross on the LowerSwingline, the area that encompasses those two points: the impulse wave. After this point my analogy kind of falls apart and sadly my knowledge just isn't what it needs to be in order for me to properly analyse what's going on here but I must digress. Price after crossing the LowerSwingline up until the point where it makes a full reset by crossing the UpperSwingline again, within this area price seems to do either one of two things:
Situation 1 - Most likely occurs after a major trend reversal from major support/resistance or area of value (price has trended to new territory, maybe spent time a little time consolidating but hasn't broken the key level, momentum shifts, price action breaks current structure and you get the signal that primary move is a reversal) = Exhaustion Period, price will continue in direction of primary move during the secondary move. This here is for our trend-followers, you wanna take a continuation trade? Just wait for the pullback/rally to hit a FiB retracement level and enter - or any other means to find a decent support/resistance to enter.
Situation 2 - Most likely occurs when market enters a range or consolidation (price was previously seen as being at either a discount or premium so Situation 1 could have already played out and now you're looking at a full reset after that, imagine this spot to be the centre line of a linear regression channel or bang in the middle of your range, could even occur if price breaks a key moving average and decides it ought to consolidate around it for a while. Basically at any point where a somewhat prolonged consolidation is expected and not a quick reversal) = Corrective Wave, price will move against the direction of primary move during the secondary move. Now you might be expecting me to say this ones for you reversal traders but not really, if this is occurring then there probably isn't a definitive direction the market has chosen so you can use this opportunity to take range trades in the direction or against the direction of whatever the current trend or latest trend was depending on whatever slight bias you may have. <--- Situation 2 is very useful for finding cleaner entries if you do have a trend bias, say price underwent Situation 1, is now at key moving average but your bias is that it will break and continue up, so you wait and allow the secondary move of Situation 2 to take your entry to a much better R:R before entering a position.
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Angled Volume Profile [Trendoscope]Volume profile is useful tool to understand the demand and supply zones on horizontal level. But, what if you want to measure the volume levels over trend line? In trending markets, the feature to measure volume over angled levels can be very useful for traders who use these measures. Here is an attempt to provide such tool.
🎲 How to use
🎯 Interactive input for selecting starting point and angle.
Upon loading the script, you will be prompted to select
Start time and price - this is a point which you can select by moving the maroon highlighted label.
End price - though this is shown as maroon bullet, this is price only input. Hence, when you click on the bullet, a horizontal line will appear. Users can move the line to use different End price.
Start and End price are used for identifying the angle at which volume profile need to be calculated. Whereas start time is used as starting time of the volume profile. Last bar of the chart is considered as ending bar.
🎯 Other settings.
From settings, users can select the colour of volume profile and style. Step multiplier defines the distance at which the profile lines needs to be drawn. Higher multiplier leads to less dense profile lines whereas lower multiplier leads to higher density of profile lines.
🎲 Limitations
🎯 Max 500 lines
Pinescript only allows max 500 lines on an indicator. Due to this, if we set very low multiplier - this can lead to more than 500 profile lines. Due to this some lines can get removed.
On the contrary, if multiplier is too high, then you will see very few lines which may not be meaningful.
Hence, it is important to select optimal multiplier based on your timeframe
🎯 No updates on new bar
Since the profile can spawn many bars, it is not possible to recalculate the whole volume profile when price creates new bars. Hence, there will not be visual update when new bars are created. But, to update the chart, users only need to make another movement of Start or ending point on interactive input.
LineWrapperLibrary "LineWrapper"
Wrapper Type for Line. Useful when you want to store the line details without drawing them. Can also be used in scnearios where you collect lines to be drawn and draw together towards the end.
draw(this)
draws line as per the wrapper object contents
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
Returns: current Line object
draw(this)
draws lines as per the wrapper object array
Parameters:
this : (series array) Array of Line object.
Returns: current Array of Line objects
update(this)
updates or redraws line as per the wrapper object contents
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
Returns: current Line object
update(this)
updates or redraws lines as per the wrapper object array
Parameters:
this : (series array) Array of Line object.
Returns: current Array of Line objects
get_price(this, bar)
get line price based on bar
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
bar : (series/int) bar at which line price need to be calculated
Returns: line price at given bar.
get_x1(this)
Returns UNIX time or bar index (depending on the last xloc value set) of the first point of the line.
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
Returns: UNIX timestamp (in milliseconds) or bar index.
get_x2(this)
Returns UNIX time or bar index (depending on the last xloc value set) of the second point of the line.
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
Returns: UNIX timestamp (in milliseconds) or bar index.
get_y1(this)
Returns price of the first point of the line.
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
Returns: Price value.
get_y2(this)
Returns price of the second point of the line.
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
Returns: Price value.
set_x1(this, x, draw, update)
Sets bar index or bar time (depending on the xloc) of the first point.
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
x : (series int) Bar index or bar time. Note that objects positioned using xloc.bar_index cannot be drawn further than 500 bars into the future.
draw : (series bool) draw line after setting attribute
update : (series bool) update line instead of redraw. Only valid if draw is set.
Returns: Current Line object
set_x2(this, x, draw, update)
Sets bar index or bar time (depending on the xloc) of the second point.
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
x : (series int) Bar index or bar time. Note that objects positioned using xloc.bar_index cannot be drawn further than 500 bars into the future.
draw : (series bool) draw line after setting attribute
update : (series bool) update line instead of redraw. Only valid if draw is set.
Returns: Current Line object
set_y1(this, y, draw, update)
Sets price of the first point
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
y : (series int/float) Price.
draw : (series bool) draw line after setting attribute
update : (series bool) update line instead of redraw. Only valid if draw is set.
Returns: Current Line object
set_y2(this, y, draw, update)
Sets price of the second point
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
y : (series int/float) Price.
draw : (series bool) draw line after setting attribute
update : (series bool) update line instead of redraw. Only valid if draw is set.
Returns: Current Line object
set_color(this, color, draw, update)
Sets the line color
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
color : (series color) New line color
draw : (series bool) draw line after setting attribute
update : (series bool) update line instead of redraw. Only valid if draw is set.
Returns: Current Line object
set_extend(this, extend, draw, update)
Sets extending type of this line object. If extend=extend.none, draws segment starting at point (x1, y1) and ending at point (x2, y2). If extend is equal to extend.right or extend.left, draws a ray starting at point (x1, y1) or (x2, y2), respectively. If extend=extend.both, draws a straight line that goes through these points.
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
extend : (series string) New extending type.
draw : (series bool) draw line after setting attribute
update : (series bool) update line instead of redraw. Only valid if draw is set.
Returns: Current Line object
set_style(this, style, draw, update)
Sets the line style
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
style : (series string) New line style.
draw : (series bool) draw line after setting attribute
update : (series bool) update line instead of redraw. Only valid if draw is set.
Returns: Current Line object
set_width(this, width, draw, update)
Sets the line width.
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
width : (series int) New line width in pixels.
draw : (series bool) draw line after setting attribute
update : (series bool) update line instead of redraw. Only valid if draw is set.
Returns: Current Line object
set_xloc(this, x1, x2, xloc, draw, update)
Sets x-location and new bar index/time values.
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
x1 : (series int) Bar index or bar time of the first point.
x2 : (series int) Bar index or bar time of the second point.
xloc : (series string) New x-location value.
draw : (series bool) draw line after setting attribute
update : (series bool) update line instead of redraw. Only valid if draw is set.
Returns: Current Line object
set_xy1(this, x, y, draw, update)
Sets bar index/time and price of the first point.
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
x : (series int) Bar index or bar time. Note that objects positioned using xloc.bar_index cannot be drawn further than 500 bars into the future.
y : (series int/float) Price.
draw : (series bool) draw line after setting attribute
update : (series bool) update line instead of redraw. Only valid if draw is set.
Returns: Current Line object
set_xy2(this, x, y, draw, update)
Sets bar index/time and price of the second point
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
x : (series int) Bar index or bar time. Note that objects positioned using xloc.bar_index cannot be drawn further than 500 bars into the future.
y : (series int/float) Price.
draw : (series bool) draw line after setting attribute
update : (series bool) update line instead of redraw. Only valid if draw is set.
Returns: Current Line object
delete(this)
Deletes the underlying line drawing object
Parameters:
this : (series Line) Line object.
Returns: Current Line object
Line
Line Wrapper object
Fields:
x1 : (series int) Bar index (if xloc = xloc.bar_index) or bar UNIX time (if xloc = xloc.bar_time) of the first point of the line. Note that objects positioned using xloc.bar_index cannot be drawn further than 500 bars into the future.
y1 : (series int/float) Price of the first point of the line.
x2 : (series int) Bar index (if xloc = xloc.bar_index) or bar UNIX time (if xloc = xloc.bar_time) of the second point of the line. Note that objects positioned using xloc.bar_index cannot be drawn further than 500 bars into the future.
y2 : (series int/float) Price of the second point of the line.
xloc : (series string) See description of x1 argument. Possible values: xloc.bar_index and xloc.bar_time. Default is xloc.bar_index.
extend : (series string) If extend=extend.none, draws segment starting at point (x1, y1) and ending at point (x2, y2). If extend is equal to extend.right or extend.left, draws a ray starting at point (x1, y1) or (x2, y2), respectively. If extend=extend.both, draws a straight line that goes through these points. Default value is extend.none.
color : (series color) Line color.
style : (series string) Line style. Possible values: line.style_solid, line.style_dotted, line.style_dashed, line.style_arrow_left, line.style_arrow_right, line.style_arrow_both.
width : (series int) Line width in pixels.
obj : line object
DataChartLibrary "DataChart"
Library to plot scatterplot or heatmaps for your own set of data samples
draw(this)
draw contents of the chart object
Parameters:
this : Chart object
Returns: current chart object
init(this)
Initialize Chart object.
Parameters:
this : Chart object to be initialized
Returns: current chart object
addSample(this, sample, trigger)
Add sample data to chart using Sample object
Parameters:
this : Chart object
sample : Sample object containing sample x and y values to be plotted
trigger : Samples are added to chart only if trigger is set to true. Default value is true
Returns: current chart object
addSample(this, x, y, trigger)
Add sample data to chart using x and y values
Parameters:
this : Chart object
x : x value of sample data
y : y value of sample data
trigger : Samples are added to chart only if trigger is set to true. Default value is true
Returns: current chart object
addPriceSample(this, priceSampleData, config)
Add price sample data - special type of sample designed to measure price displacements of events
Parameters:
this : Chart object
priceSampleData : PriceSampleData object containing event driven displacement data of x and y
config : PriceSampleConfig object containing configurations for deriving x and y from priceSampleData
Returns: current chart object
Sample
Sample data for chart
Fields:
xValue : x value of the sample data
yValue : y value of the sample data
ChartProperties
Properties of plotting chart
Fields:
title : Title of the chart
suffix : Suffix for values. It can be used to reference 10X or 4% etc. Used only if format is not format.percent
matrixSize : size of the matrix used for plotting
chartType : Can be either scatterplot or heatmap. Default is scatterplot
outliersStart : Indicates the percentile of data to filter out from the starting point to get rid of outliers
outliersEnd : Indicates the percentile of data to filter out from the ending point to get rid of outliers.
backgroundColor
plotColor : color of plots on the chart. Default is color.yellow. Only used for scatterplot type
heatmapColor : color of heatmaps on the chart. Default is color.red. Only used for heatmap type
borderColor : border color of the chart table. Default is color.yellow.
plotSize : size of scatter plots. Default is size.large
format : data representation format in tooltips. Use mintick.percent if measuring any data in terms of percent. Else, use format.mintick
showCounters : display counters which shows totals on each quadrants. These are single cell tables at the corners displaying number of occurences on each quadrant.
showTitle : display title at the top center. Uses the title string set in the properties
counterBackground : background color of counter table cells. Default is color.teal
counterTextColor : text color of counter table cells. Default is color.white
counterTextSize : size of counter table cells. Default is size.large
titleBackground : background color of chart title. Default is color.maroon
titleTextColor : text color of the chart title. Default is color.white
titleTextSize : text size of the title cell. Default is size.large
addOutliersToBorder : If set, instead of removing the outliers, it will be added to the border cells.
useCommonScale : Use common scale for both x and y. If not selected, different scales are calculated based on range of x and y values from samples. Default is set to false.
plotchar : scatter plot character. Default is set to ascii bullet.
ChartDrawing
Chart drawing objects collection
Fields:
properties : ChartProperties object which determines the type and characteristics of chart being plotted
titleTable : table containing title of the chart.
mainTable : table containing plots or heatmaps.
quadrantTables : Array of tables containing counters of all 4 quandrants
Chart
Chart type which contains all the information of chart being plotted
Fields:
properties : ChartProperties object which determines the type and characteristics of chart being plotted
samples : Array of Sample objects collected over period of time for plotting on chart.
displacements : Array containing displacement values. Both x and y values
displacementX : Array containing only X displacement values.
displacementY : Array containing only Y displacement values.
drawing : ChartDrawing object which contains all the drawing elements
PriceSampleConfig
Configs used for adding specific type of samples called PriceSamples
Fields:
duration : impact duration for which price displacement samples are calculated.
useAtrReference : Default is true. If set to true, price is measured in terms of Atr. Else is measured in terms of percentage of price.
atrLength : atrLength to be used for measuring the price based on ATR. Used only if useAtrReference is set to true.
PriceSampleData
Special type of sample called price sample. Can be used instead of basic Sample type
Fields:
trigger : consider sample only if trigger is set to true. Default is true.
source : Price source. Default is close
highSource : High price source. Default is high
lowSource : Low price source. Default is low
tr : True range value. Default is ta.tr
arraymethodsLibrary "arraymethods"
Supplementary array methods.
delete(arr, index)
remove int object from array of integers at specific index
Parameters:
arr : int array
index : index at which int object need to be removed
Returns: void
delete(arr, index)
remove float object from array of float at specific index
Parameters:
arr : float array
index : index at which float object need to be removed
Returns: float
delete(arr, index)
remove bool object from array of bool at specific index
Parameters:
arr : bool array
index : index at which bool object need to be removed
Returns: bool
delete(arr, index)
remove string object from array of string at specific index
Parameters:
arr : string array
index : index at which string object need to be removed
Returns: string
delete(arr, index)
remove color object from array of color at specific index
Parameters:
arr : color array
index : index at which color object need to be removed
Returns: color
delete(arr, index)
remove line object from array of lines at specific index and deletes the line
Parameters:
arr : line array
index : index at which line object need to be removed and deleted
Returns: void
delete(arr, index)
remove label object from array of labels at specific index and deletes the label
Parameters:
arr : label array
index : index at which label object need to be removed and deleted
Returns: void
delete(arr, index)
remove box object from array of boxes at specific index and deletes the box
Parameters:
arr : box array
index : index at which box object need to be removed and deleted
Returns: void
delete(arr, index)
remove table object from array of tables at specific index and deletes the table
Parameters:
arr : table array
index : index at which table object need to be removed and deleted
Returns: void
delete(arr, index)
remove linefill object from array of linefills at specific index and deletes the linefill
Parameters:
arr : linefill array
index : index at which linefill object need to be removed and deleted
Returns: void
popr(arr)
remove last int object from array
Parameters:
arr : int array
Returns: int
popr(arr)
remove last float object from array
Parameters:
arr : float array
Returns: float
popr(arr)
remove last bool object from array
Parameters:
arr : bool array
Returns: bool
popr(arr)
remove last string object from array
Parameters:
arr : string array
Returns: string
popr(arr)
remove last color object from array
Parameters:
arr : color array
Returns: color
popr(arr)
remove and delete last line object from array
Parameters:
arr : line array
Returns: void
popr(arr)
remove and delete last label object from array
Parameters:
arr : label array
Returns: void
popr(arr)
remove and delete last box object from array
Parameters:
arr : box array
Returns: void
popr(arr)
remove and delete last table object from array
Parameters:
arr : table array
Returns: void
popr(arr)
remove and delete last linefill object from array
Parameters:
arr : linefill array
Returns: void
shiftr(arr)
remove first int object from array
Parameters:
arr : int array
Returns: int
shiftr(arr)
remove first float object from array
Parameters:
arr : float array
Returns: float
shiftr(arr)
remove first bool object from array
Parameters:
arr : bool array
Returns: bool
shiftr(arr)
remove first string object from array
Parameters:
arr : string array
Returns: string
shiftr(arr)
remove first color object from array
Parameters:
arr : color array
Returns: color
shiftr(arr)
remove and delete first line object from array
Parameters:
arr : line array
Returns: void
shiftr(arr)
remove and delete first label object from array
Parameters:
arr : label array
Returns: void
shiftr(arr)
remove and delete first box object from array
Parameters:
arr : box array
Returns: void
shiftr(arr)
remove and delete first table object from array
Parameters:
arr : table array
Returns: void
shiftr(arr)
remove and delete first linefill object from array
Parameters:
arr : linefill array
Returns: void
push(arr, val, maxItems)
add int to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from start to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : int array
val : int object to be pushed
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: int
push(arr, val, maxItems)
add float to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from start to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : float array
val : float object to be pushed
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: float
push(arr, val, maxItems)
add bool to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from start to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : bool array
val : bool object to be pushed
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: bool
push(arr, val, maxItems)
add string to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from start to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : string array
val : string object to be pushed
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: string
push(arr, val, maxItems)
add color to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from start to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : color array
val : color object to be pushed
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: color
push(arr, val, maxItems)
add line to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from start to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : line array
val : line object to be pushed
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: line
push(arr, val, maxItems)
add label to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from start to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : label array
val : label object to be pushed
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: label
push(arr, val, maxItems)
add box to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from start to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : box array
val : box object to be pushed
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: box
push(arr, val, maxItems)
add table to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from start to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : table array
val : table object to be pushed
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: table
push(arr, val, maxItems)
add linefill to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from start to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : linefill array
val : linefill object to be pushed
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: linefill
unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add int to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from end to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : int array
val : int object to be unshift
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: int
unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add float to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from end to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : float array
val : float object to be unshift
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: float
unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add bool to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from end to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : bool array
val : bool object to be unshift
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: bool
unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add string to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from end to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : string array
val : string object to be unshift
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: string
unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add color to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from end to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : color array
val : color object to be unshift
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: color
unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add line to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from end to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : line array
val : line object to be unshift
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: line
unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add label to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from end to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : label array
val : label object to be unshift
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: label
unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add box to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from end to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : box array
val : box object to be unshift
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: box
unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add table to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from end to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : table array
val : table object to be unshift
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: table
unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add linefill to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from end to maintain max items cap
Parameters:
arr : linefill array
val : linefill object to be unshift
maxItems : max number of items array can hold
Returns: linefill
flush(arr)
remove all int objects in an array
Parameters:
arr : int array
Returns: int
flush(arr)
remove all float objects in an array
Parameters:
arr : float array
Returns: float
flush(arr)
remove all bool objects in an array
Parameters:
arr : bool array
Returns: bool
flush(arr)
remove all string objects in an array
Parameters:
arr : string array
Returns: string
flush(arr)
remove all color objects in an array
Parameters:
arr : color array
Returns: color
flush(arr)
remove and delete all line objects in an array
Parameters:
arr : line array
Returns: line
flush(arr)
remove and delete all label objects in an array
Parameters:
arr : label array
Returns: label
flush(arr)
remove and delete all box objects in an array
Parameters:
arr : box array
Returns: box
flush(arr)
remove and delete all table objects in an array
Parameters:
arr : table array
Returns: table
flush(arr)
remove and delete all linefill objects in an array
Parameters:
arr : linefill array
Returns: linefill
Recursive Zigzag [Trendoscope]Here is an another outcome of Object Oriented Zigzag and Pattern Ecosystem of Libraries.
We already have another implementation of recursive zigzag which makes use of earlier library rzigzag . Here in this example, we make use of similar logic but leverage the new type and method based Zigzag system libraries to derive the indicator.
🎲 Design Overview
Similar to Recursive Auto Pitchfork, here too the indicator code is around 50 lines. Whereas most of the heavy lifting is done by the libraries.
🎲 Base Libraries
Base libraries are those which does not have any dependency. They form basic structures which are later used in other libraries. These libraries need to be crafted carefully so that minimal updates are done later on. Any updates on these libraries will impact all the dependent libraries and scripts.
🎯 Drawing
DrawingTypes - Defines basic drawing types Point, Line, Label, Box, Linefill and related property types.
DrawingMethods - All the methods or functionality surrounding Basic types are defined here.
🎲 Layer 1 Libraries
These are the libraries which has direct dependency on base libraries.
🎯 Zigzag
ZigzagTypes - Types required for defining Zigzag and Divergence
ZigzagMethods - Methods associated with Zigzag Type definitions.
🎲Indicator
Indicator draws zigzags based on given length. And then recursively derives next level zigzags based on previous levels. As per the utility, indicator is useful in several ways
Visualising price structure based on zigzag pivots - which in turn can help visualise patterns.
Ability to add any oscillator makes it easy to spot divergences with choice of indicators.
Programmers can use the derived values to build complex algorithms such as automatic pattern recognition.
🎯 Settings
Settings are explained via tooltips. These are very much straight forward and directly related to zigzag, oscillators and divergence.
Recursive Auto-Pitchfork [Trendoscope]"Say Hi" to object oriented programming with Pinescript using types and methods. This is the beginning of new era of Pinescript where we are moving from isolated scripts containing indicator and strategies to whole ecosystem of Object Oriented Programming with libraries of highly reusable components. Those who are familiar with programming would have already realised how big these improvements are and what it brings to the table.
With this script, I am not just providing an indicator for traders but also an introduction for programmers on how to design and build object oriented components in Pinescript using types and methods. Big thanks to Tradingview and Pine development team for making this happen. We look forward for many such gifts in the future :)
🎲 Architecture
As mentioned before, we are not just building an indicator here. But, an ecosystem of components. Using Types and Methods we can visualise libraries as Classes. Thus, we can build an ecosystem of libraries in layered approach to enhance effective code reusability.
Generic architecture can be visualised as below
Coming to the specific case of Auto Pitchfork indicator, the indicator code is less than 50 lines for logic and around 100 lines of inputs. But, most of the heavy-lifting is done by the libraries underneath. Here is a snapshot of related libraries and how they are connected.
All libraries are divided into two portions.
Types - Contains only type definitions
Methods - Contains only method definitions related to the types defined in the Types library
Together, these libraries can be visualised as Class. Methods are defined in such a way all exported methods are related to Types and no other functions or features are defined. If we need further functionality which does not depend on the types, we need to do this via some other library and use them here. Similarly, we should not define any methods related to these types in other libraries.
Reason for splitting the libraries to types and methods is to enable updating methods without disturbing types. Since libraries create interdependencies due to versioning, it is best if we do less updates on the type definitions. Splitting the two enables adding more features while keeping the type definition version intact.
🎲 Base Libraries
Base libraries are those which does not have any dependency. They form basic structures which are later used in other libraries. These libraries need to be crafted carefully so that minimal updates are done later on. Any updates on these libraries will impact all the dependent libraries and scripts.
🎯 Drawing
DrawingTypes - Defines basic drawing types Point, Line, Label, Box, Linefill and related property types.
DrawingMethods - All the methods or functionality surrounding Basic types are defined here.
🎲 Layer 1 Libraries
These are the libraries which has direct dependency on base libraries.
🎯 Zigzag
ZigzagTypes - Types required for defining Zigzag and Divergence
ZigzagMethods - Methods associated with Zigzag Type definitions.
🎯Pitchfork
PitchforkTypes - Basic and Drawing Types for Pitchfork objects
PitchforkMethods - Methods associated with Pitchfork type definitions
🎲 Indicator and Settings
Indicator draws pitchfork based on recursive zigzag configurations. Recursive zigzag is derived with following logic:
Base level zigzag is calculated with regular zigzag algorithm with given length and depth
Next level zigzag is calculated based on base zigzag. And we recursively calculate higher level zigzags until we are left with 4 or less pivots or when no further reduction is possible
On every level of zigzag, we then check the last 3 pivots and draw pitchfork based on the retracement ratio.
Indicator settings are summarised in the tooltips and are as below.
Finally, big thanks to my partner @CryptoArch_ for bringing up the topic of pitchfork for our next development.
PitchforkMethodsLibrary "PitchforkMethods"
Methods associated with Pitchfork and Pitchfork Drawing. Depends on the library PitchforkTypes for Pitchfork/PitchforkDrawing objects which in turn use DrawingTypes for basic objects Point/Line/LineProperties. Also depends on DrawingMethods for related methods
tostring(this)
Converts PitchforkTypes/Fork object to string representation
Parameters:
this : PitchforkTypes/Fork object
Returns: string representation of PitchforkTypes/Fork
tostring(this)
Converts Array of PitchforkTypes/Fork object to string representation
Parameters:
this : Array of PitchforkTypes/Fork object
Returns: string representation of PitchforkTypes/Fork array
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder)
Converts PitchforkTypes/PitchforkProperties object to string representation
Parameters:
this : PitchforkTypes/PitchforkProperties object
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
Returns: string representation of PitchforkTypes/PitchforkProperties
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder)
Converts PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawingProperties object to string representation
Parameters:
this : PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawingProperties object
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
Returns: string representation of PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawingProperties
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder)
Converts PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork object to string representation
Parameters:
this : PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork object
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
Returns: string representation of PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork
createDrawing(this)
Creates PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing from PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork object
Parameters:
this : PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork object
Returns: PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing object created
createDrawing(this)
Creates PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing array from PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork array of objects
Parameters:
this : array of PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork object
Returns: array of PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing object created
draw(this)
draws from PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing object
Parameters:
this : PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing object
Returns: PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing object drawn
delete(this)
deletes PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing object
Parameters:
this : PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing object
Returns: PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing object deleted
delete(this)
deletes underlying drawing of PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork object
Parameters:
this : PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork object
Returns: PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork object deleted
delete(this)
deletes array of PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing objects
Parameters:
this : Array of PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing object
Returns: Array of PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing object deleted
delete(this)
deletes underlying drawing in array of PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork objects
Parameters:
this : Array of PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork object
Returns: Array of PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork object deleted
clear(this)
deletes array of PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing objects and clears the array
Parameters:
this : Array of PitchforkTypes/PitchforkDrawing object
Returns: void
clear(this)
deletes array of PitchforkTypes/Pitchfork objects and clears the array
Parameters:
this : Array of Pitchfork/Pitchfork object
Returns: void
PitchforkTypesLibrary "PitchforkTypes"
User Defined Types to be used for Pitchfork and Drawing elements of Pitchfork. Depends on DrawingTypes for Point, Line, and LineProperties objects
PitchforkDrawingProperties
Pitchfork Drawing Properties object
Fields:
extend : If set to true, forks are extended towards right. Default is true
fill : Fill forklines with transparent color. Default is true
fillTransparency : Transparency at which fills are made. Only considered when fill is set. Default is 80
forceCommonColor : Force use of common color for forks and fills. Default is false
commonColor : common fill color. Used only if ratio specific fill colors are not available or if forceCommonColor is set to true.
PitchforkDrawing
Pitchfork drawing components
Fields:
medianLine : Median line of the pitchfork
baseLine : Base line of the pitchfork
forkLines : fork lines of the pitchfork
linefills : Linefills between forks
Fork
Fork object property
Fields:
ratio : Fork ratio
forkColor : color of fork. Default is blue
include : flag to include the fork in drawing. Default is true
PitchforkProperties
Pitchfork Properties
Fields:
forks : Array of Fork objects
type : Pitchfork type. Supported values are "regular", "schiff", "mschiff", Default is regular
inside : Flag to identify if to draw inside fork. If set to true, inside fork will be drawn
Pitchfork
Pitchfork object
Fields:
a : Pivot Point A of pitchfork
b : Pivot Point B of pitchfork
c : Pivot Point C of pitchfork
properties : PitchforkProperties object which determines type and composition of pitchfork
dProperties : Drawing properties for pitchfork
lProperties : Common line properties for Pitchfork lines
drawing : PitchforkDrawing object
ZigzagMethodsLibrary "ZigzagMethods"
Object oriented implementation of Zigzag methods. Please refer to ZigzagTypes library for User defined types used in this library
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder, includeKeys)
Converts ZigzagTypes/Pivot object to string representation
Parameters:
this : ZigzagTypes/Pivot
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
includeKeys : Array of string containing selective keys. Optional parmaeter. If not provided, all the keys are considered
Returns: string representation of ZigzagTypes/Pivot
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder, includeKeys)
Converts Array of Pivot objects to string representation
Parameters:
this : Pivot object array
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
includeKeys : Array of string containing selective keys. Optional parmaeter. If not provided, all the keys are considered
Returns: string representation of Pivot object array
tostring(this)
Converts ZigzagFlags object to string representation
Parameters:
this : ZigzagFlags object
Returns: string representation of ZigzagFlags
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder, includeKeys)
Converts ZigzagTypes/Zigzag object to string representation
Parameters:
this : ZigzagTypes/Zigzagobject
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
includeKeys : Array of string containing selective keys. Optional parmaeter. If not provided, all the keys are considered
Returns: string representation of ZigzagTypes/Zigzag
calculate(this, ohlc, indicators, indicatorNames)
Calculate zigzag based on input values and indicator values
Parameters:
this : Zigzag object
ohlc : Array containing OHLC values. Can also have custom values for which zigzag to be calculated
indicators : Array of indicator values
indicatorNames : Array of indicator names for which values are present. Size of indicators array should be equal to that of indicatorNames
Returns: current Zigzag object
calculate(this)
Calculate zigzag based on properties embedded within Zigzag object
Parameters:
this : Zigzag object
Returns: current Zigzag object
nextlevel(this)
Calculate Next Level Zigzag based on the current calculated zigzag object
Parameters:
this : Zigzag object
Returns: Next Level Zigzag object
clear(this)
Clears zigzag drawings array
Parameters:
this : array
Returns: void
drawfresh(this)
draws fresh zigzag based on properties embedded in ZigzagDrawing object
Parameters:
this : ZigzagDrawing object
Returns: ZigzagDrawing object
drawcontinuous(this)
draws zigzag based on the zigzagmatrix input
Parameters:
this : ZigzagDrawing object
Returns:
ZigzagTypesLibrary "ZigzagTypes"
Zigzag related user defined types. Depends on DrawingTypes library for basic types
Indicator
Indicator is collection of indicator values applied on high, low and close
Fields:
indicatorHigh : Indicator Value applied on High
indicatorLow : Indicator Value applied on Low
PivotCandle
PivotCandle represents data of the candle which forms either pivot High or pivot low or both
Fields:
_high : High price of candle forming the pivot
_low : Low price of candle forming the pivot
length : Pivot length
pHighBar : represents number of bar back the pivot High occurred.
pLowBar : represents number of bar back the pivot Low occurred.
pHigh : Pivot High Price
pLow : Pivot Low Price
indicators : Array of Indicators - allows to add multiple
Pivot
Pivot refers to zigzag pivot. Each pivot can contain various data
Fields:
point : pivot point coordinates
dir : direction of the pivot. Valid values are 1, -1, 2, -2
level : is used for multi level zigzags. For single level, it will always be 0
ratio : Price Ratio based on previous two pivots
indicatorNames : Names of the indicators applied on zigzag
indicatorValues : Values of the indicators applied on zigzag
indicatorRatios : Ratios of the indicators applied on zigzag based on previous 2 pivots
ZigzagFlags
Flags required for drawing zigzag. Only used internally in zigzag calculation. Should not set the values explicitly
Fields:
newPivot : true if the calculation resulted in new pivot
doublePivot : true if the calculation resulted in two pivots on same bar
updateLastPivot : true if new pivot calculated replaces the old one.
Zigzag
Zigzag object which contains whole zigzag calculation parameters and pivots
Fields:
length : Zigzag length. Default value is 5
numberOfPivots : max number of pivots to hold in the calculation. Default value is 20
offset : Bar offset to be considered for calculation of zigzag. Default is 0 - which means calculation is done based on the latest bar.
level : Zigzag calculation level - used in multi level recursive zigzags
zigzagPivots : array which holds the last n pivots calculated.
flags : ZigzagFlags object which is required for continuous drawing of zigzag lines.
ZigzagObject
Zigzag Drawing Object
Fields:
zigzagLine : Line joining two pivots
zigzagLabel : Label which can be used for drawing the values, ratios, directions etc.
ZigzagProperties
Object which holds properties of zigzag drawing. To be used along with ZigzagDrawing
Fields:
lineColor : Zigzag line color. Default is color.blue
lineWidth : Zigzag line width. Default is 1
lineStyle : Zigzag line style. Default is line.style_solid.
showLabel : If set, the drawing will show labels on each pivot. Default is false
textColor : Text color of the labels. Only applicable if showLabel is set to true.
maxObjects : Max number of zigzag lines to display. Default is 300
xloc : Time/Bar reference to be used for zigzag drawing. Default is Time - xloc.bar_time.
ZigzagDrawing
Object which holds complete zigzag drawing objects and properties.
Fields:
properties : ZigzagProperties object which is used for setting the display styles of zigzag
drawings : array which contains lines and labels of zigzag drawing.
zigzag : Zigzag object which holds the calculations.
DrawingMethodsLibrary "DrawingMethods"
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder, includeKeys)
Converts DrawingTypes/Point object to string representation
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Point object
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
includeKeys : Array of string containing selective keys. Optional parmaeter. If not provided, all the keys are considered
Returns: string representation of DrawingTypes/Point
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder, includeKeys)
Converts DrawingTypes/LineProperties object to string representation
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/LineProperties object
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
includeKeys : Array of string containing selective keys. Optional parmaeter. If not provided, all the keys are considered
Returns: string representation of DrawingTypes/LineProperties
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder, includeKeys)
Converts DrawingTypes/Line object to string representation
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Line object
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
includeKeys : Array of string containing selective keys. Optional parmaeter. If not provided, all the keys are considered
Returns: string representation of DrawingTypes/Line
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder, includeKeys)
Converts DrawingTypes/LabelProperties object to string representation
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/LabelProperties object
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
includeKeys : Array of string containing selective keys. Optional parmaeter. If not provided, all the keys are considered
Returns: string representation of DrawingTypes/LabelProperties
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder, includeKeys)
Converts DrawingTypes/Label object to string representation
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Label object
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
includeKeys : Array of string containing selective keys. Optional parmaeter. If not provided, all the keys are considered
Returns: string representation of DrawingTypes/Label
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder, includeKeys)
Converts DrawingTypes/Linefill object to string representation
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Linefill object
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
includeKeys : Array of string containing selective keys. Optional parmaeter. If not provided, all the keys are considered
Returns: string representation of DrawingTypes/Linefill
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder, includeKeys)
Converts DrawingTypes/BoxProperties object to string representation
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/BoxProperties object
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
includeKeys : Array of string containing selective keys. Optional parmaeter. If not provided, all the keys are considered
Returns: string representation of DrawingTypes/BoxProperties
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder, includeKeys)
Converts DrawingTypes/BoxText object to string representation
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/BoxText object
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
includeKeys : Array of string containing selective keys. Optional parmaeter. If not provided, all the keys are considered
Returns: string representation of DrawingTypes/BoxText
tostring(this, sortKeys, sortOrder, includeKeys)
Converts DrawingTypes/Box object to string representation
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Box object
sortKeys : If set to true, string output is sorted by keys.
sortOrder : Applicable only if sortKeys is set to true. Positive number will sort them in ascending order whreas negative numer will sort them in descending order. Passing 0 will not sort the keys
includeKeys : Array of string containing selective keys. Optional parmaeter. If not provided, all the keys are considered
Returns: string representation of DrawingTypes/Box
delete(this)
Deletes line from DrawingTypes/Line object
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Line object
Returns: Line object deleted
delete(this)
Deletes label from DrawingTypes/Label object
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Label object
Returns: Label object deleted
delete(this)
Deletes Linefill from DrawingTypes/Linefill object
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Linefill object
Returns: Linefill object deleted
delete(this)
Deletes box from DrawingTypes/Box object
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Box object
Returns: DrawingTypes/Box object deleted
delete(this)
Deletes lines from array of DrawingTypes/Line objects
Parameters:
this : Array of DrawingTypes/Line objects
Returns: Array of DrawingTypes/Line objects
delete(this)
Deletes labels from array of DrawingTypes/Label objects
Parameters:
this : Array of DrawingTypes/Label objects
Returns: Array of DrawingTypes/Label objects
delete(this)
Deletes linefill from array of DrawingTypes/Linefill objects
Parameters:
this : Array of DrawingTypes/Linefill objects
Returns: Array of DrawingTypes/Linefill objects
delete(this)
Deletes boxes from array of DrawingTypes/Box objects
Parameters:
this : Array of DrawingTypes/Box objects
Returns: Array of DrawingTypes/Box objects
clear(this)
clear items from array of DrawingTypes/Line while deleting underlying objects
Parameters:
this : array
Returns: void
clear(this)
clear items from array of DrawingTypes/Label while deleting underlying objects
Parameters:
this : array
Returns: void
clear(this)
clear items from array of DrawingTypes/Linefill while deleting underlying objects
Parameters:
this : array
Returns: void
clear(this)
clear items from array of DrawingTypes/Box while deleting underlying objects
Parameters:
this : array
Returns: void
draw(this)
Creates line from DrawingTypes/Line object
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Line object
Returns: line created from DrawingTypes/Line object
draw(this)
Creates lines from array of DrawingTypes/Line objects
Parameters:
this : Array of DrawingTypes/Line objects
Returns: Array of DrawingTypes/Line objects
draw(this)
Creates label from DrawingTypes/Label object
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Label object
Returns: label created from DrawingTypes/Label object
draw(this)
Creates labels from array of DrawingTypes/Label objects
Parameters:
this : Array of DrawingTypes/Label objects
Returns: Array of DrawingTypes/Label objects
draw(this)
Creates linefill object from DrawingTypes/Linefill
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Linefill objects
Returns: linefill object created
draw(this)
Creates linefill objects from array of DrawingTypes/Linefill objects
Parameters:
this : Array of DrawingTypes/Linefill objects
Returns: Array of DrawingTypes/Linefill used for creating linefills
draw(this)
Creates box from DrawingTypes/Box object
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Box object
Returns: box created from DrawingTypes/Box object
draw(this)
Creates labels from array of DrawingTypes/Label objects
Parameters:
this : Array of DrawingTypes/Label objects
Returns: Array of DrawingTypes/Label objects
createLabel(this, lblText, tooltip, properties)
Creates DrawingTypes/Label object from DrawingTypes/Point
Parameters:
this : DrawingTypes/Point object
lblText : Label text
tooltip : Tooltip text. Default is na
properties : DrawingTypes/LabelProperties object. Default is na - meaning default values are used.
Returns: DrawingTypes/Label object
createLine(this, other, properties)
Creates DrawingTypes/Line object from one DrawingTypes/Point to other
Parameters:
this : First DrawingTypes/Point object
other : Second DrawingTypes/Point object
properties : DrawingTypes/LineProperties object. Default set to na - meaning default values are used.
Returns: DrawingTypes/Line object
createLinefill(this, other, fillColor, transparency)
Creates DrawingTypes/Linefill object from DrawingTypes/Line object to other DrawingTypes/Line object
Parameters:
this : First DrawingTypes/Line object
other : Other DrawingTypes/Line object
fillColor : fill color of linefill. Default is color.blue
transparency : fill transparency for linefill. Default is 80
Returns: Array of DrawingTypes/Linefill object
createBox(this, other, properties, textProperties)
Creates DrawingTypes/Box object from one DrawingTypes/Point to other
Parameters:
this : First DrawingTypes/Point object
other : Second DrawingTypes/Point object
properties : DrawingTypes/BoxProperties object. Default set to na - meaning default values are used.
textProperties : DrawingTypes/BoxText object. Default is na - meaning no text will be drawn
Returns: DrawingTypes/Box object
createBox(this, properties, textProperties)
Creates DrawingTypes/Box object from DrawingTypes/Line as diagonal line
Parameters:
this : Diagonal DrawingTypes/PoLineint object
properties : DrawingTypes/BoxProperties object. Default set to na - meaning default values are used.
textProperties : DrawingTypes/BoxText object. Default is na - meaning no text will be drawn
Returns: DrawingTypes/Box object
DrawingTypesLibrary "DrawingTypes"
User Defined Types for basic drawing structure. Other types and methods will be built on these.
Point
Point refers to point on chart
Fields:
price : pivot price
bar : pivot bar
bartime : pivot bar time
LineProperties
Properties of line object
Fields:
xloc : X Reference - can be either xloc.bar_index or xloc.bar_time. Default is xloc.bar_index
extend : Property which sets line to extend towards either right or left or both. Valid values are extend.right, extend.left, extend.both, extend.none. Default is extend.none
color : Line color
style : Line style, valid values are line.style_solid, line.style_dashed, line.style_dotted, line.style_arrow_left, line.style_arrow_right, line.style_arrow_both. Default is line.style_solid
width : Line width. Default is 1
Line
Line object created from points
Fields:
start : Starting point of the line
end : Ending point of the line
properties : LineProperties object which defines the style of line
object : Derived line object
LabelProperties
Properties of label object
Fields:
xloc : X Reference - can be either xloc.bar_index or xloc.bar_time. Default is xloc.bar_index
yloc : Y reference - can be yloc.price, yloc.abovebar, yloc.belowbar. Default is yloc.price
color : Label fill color
style : Label style as defined in www.tradingview.com Default is label.style_none
textcolor : text color. Default is color.black
size : Label text size. Default is size.normal. Other values are size.auto, size.tiny, size.small, size.normal, size.large, size.huge
textalign : Label text alignment. Default if text.align_center. Other allowed values - text.align_right, text.align_left, text.align_top, text.align_bottom
text_font_family : The font family of the text. Default value is font.family_default. Other available option is font.family_monospace
Label
Label object
Fields:
point : Point where label is drawn
lblText : label text
tooltip : Tooltip text. Default is na
properties : LabelProperties object
object : Pine label object
Linefill
Linefill object
Fields:
line1 : First line to create linefill
line2 : Second line to create linefill
fillColor : Fill color
transparency : Fill transparency range from 0 to 100
object : linefill object created from wrapper
BoxProperties
BoxProperties object
Fields:
border_color : Box border color. Default is color.blue
bgcolor : box background color
border_width : Box border width. Default is 1
border_style : Box border style. Default is line.style_solid
extend : Extend property of box. default is extend.none
xloc : defines if drawing needs to be done based on bar index or time. default is xloc.bar_index
BoxText
Box Text properties.
Fields:
boxText : Text to be printed on the box
text_size : Text size. Default is size.auto
text_color : Box text color. Default is color.yellow.
text_halign : horizontal align style - default is text.align_center
text_valign : vertical align style - default is text.align_center
text_wrap : text wrap style - default is text.wrap_auto
text_font_family : Text font. Default is
Box
Box object
Fields:
p1 : Diagonal point one
p2 : Diagonal point two
properties : Box properties
textProperties : Box text properties
object : Box object created
RSI Impact Heat Map [Trendoscope]Here is a simple tool to measure and display outcome of certain RSI event over heat map.
🎲 Process
🎯Event
Event can be either Crossover or Crossunder of RSI on certain value.
🎯Measuring Impact
Impact of the event after N number of bars is measured in terms of highest and lowest displacement from the last close price. Impact can be collected as either number of times of ATR or percentage of price. Impact for each trigger is recorded separately and stored in array of custom type.
🎯Plotting Heat Map
Heat map is displayed using pine tables. Users can select heat map size - which can vary from 10 to 90. Selecting optimal size is important in order to get right interpretation of data. Having higher number of cells can give more granular data. But, chart may not fit into the window. Having lower size means, stats are combined together to get less granular data which may not give right picture of the results. Default value for size is 50 - meaning data is displayed in 51X51 cells.
Range of the heat map is adjusted automatically based on min and max value of the displacement. In order to filter out or merge extreme values, range is calculated based on certain percentile of the values. This will avoid displaying lots of empty cells which can obscure the actual impact.
🎲 Settings
Settings allow users to define their event, impact duration and reference, and few display related properties. The description of these parameters are as below:
🎲 Use Cases
In this script, we have taken RSI as an example to measure impact. But, we can do this for any event. This can be price crossing over/under upper/lower bollinger bands, moving average crossovers or even complex entry or exit conditions. Overall, we can use this to plot and evaluate our trade criteria.
🎲 Interpretation
Q1 - If more coloured dots appear on the top right corner of the table, then the event is considered to trigger high volatility and high risk environment.
Q2 - If more coloured dots appear on the top left corner, then the events are considered to trigger bearish environment.
Q3 - If more coloured dots appear on the bottom left corner of the chart, then the events are considered insignificant as they neither generate higher displacement in positive or negative side. You can further alter outlier percentage to reduce the bracket and hence have higher distribution move towards
Q4 - If more coloured dots appear on the bottom right corner, then the events are considered to trigger bullish environment.
Will also look forward to implement this as library so that any conditions or events can be plugged into it.
Bar MagnifierMany times while developing algos based on patterns and reversals, I come across issues which needs lower timeframe inspection. Loading multiple charts and comparing equivalent lower timeframe is slightly cumbersome at times. Hence, I thought of building this simple tool - which will instantly provide me lower timeframe candles for given candle. Since the candle selection happen via confirmed time input, we can use this as slider to move from one candle to other for inspection.
🎲 Usage
🎯Loading the script
When you load the script, a prompt appears which asks you to select a time by clicking on the chart.
Select the bar you want to magnify and study
🎯Components
Once loaded, you can see the marker which tells which bar is magnified. And you can also see all the lower timeframe candles before that point. Please note that due to pine restrictions, we can only show last 250 lower timeframe bars. You can change the lower timeframe via settings to cover if the chart timeframe is very high.
🎯Moving to different bars
Click on the middle of the marker, you will see slider which you can slide to move from one bar to other.
Example, after sliding, you will see the lower timeframe data of new candle.
🎯Settings
Settings has only two inputs.
Bar time - selects the bar which needs to be inspected.
Lower timeframe - Default is 1 min. And select a timeframe according to your chart timeframe. Less than 1 min is not supported by security.lower_tf function. Hence, will not work.
eHarmonicpatternsLogScaleLibrary "eHarmonicpatternsLogScale"
Library provides functions to scan harmonic patterns both or normal and log scale
getSupportedPatterns()
get_prz_range(x, a, b, c, patternArray, errorPercent, start_adj, end_adj, logScale)
Provides PRZ range based on BCD and XAD ranges
Parameters:
x : X coordinate value
a : A coordinate value
b : B coordinate value
c : C coordinate value
patternArray : Pattern flags for which PRZ range needs to be calculated
errorPercent : Error threshold
start_adj : - Adjustments for entry levels
end_adj : - Adjustments for stop levels
logScale : - calculate on log scale. Default is false
Returns: Start and end of consolidated PRZ range
get_prz_range_xad(x, a, b, c, patternArray, errorPercent, start_adj, end_adj, logScale)
Provides PRZ range based on XAD range only
Parameters:
x : X coordinate value
a : A coordinate value
b : B coordinate value
c : C coordinate value
patternArray : Pattern flags for which PRZ range needs to be calculated
errorPercent : Error threshold
start_adj : - Adjustments for entry levels
end_adj : - Adjustments for stop levels
logScale : - calculate on log scale. Default is false
Returns: Start and end of consolidated PRZ range
get_projection_range(x, a, b, c, patternArray, errorPercent, start_adj, end_adj, logScale)
Provides Projection range based on BCD and XAD ranges
Parameters:
x : X coordinate value
a : A coordinate value
b : B coordinate value
c : C coordinate value
patternArray : Pattern flags for which PRZ range needs to be calculated
errorPercent : Error threshold
start_adj : - Adjustments for entry levels
end_adj : - Adjustments for stop levels
logScale : - calculate on log scale. Default is false
Returns: Array containing start and end ranges
isHarmonicPattern(x, a, b, c, d, flags, defaultEnabled, errorPercent, logScale)
Checks for harmonic patterns
Parameters:
x : X coordinate value
a : A coordinate value
b : B coordinate value
c : C coordinate value
d : D coordinate value
flags : flags to check patterns. Send empty array to enable all
defaultEnabled
errorPercent : Error threshold
logScale : - calculate on log scale. Default is false
Returns: Array of boolean values which says whether valid pattern exist and array of corresponding pattern names
isHarmonicProjection(x, a, b, c, flags, defaultEnabled, errorPercent, logScale)
Checks for harmonic pattern projection
Parameters:
x : X coordinate value
a : A coordinate value
b : B coordinate value
c : C coordinate value
flags : flags to check patterns. Send empty array to enable all
defaultEnabled
errorPercent : Error threshold
logScale : - calculate on log scale. Default is false
Returns: Array of boolean values which says whether valid pattern exist and array of corresponding pattern names.
Band-Zigzag - TrendFollower Strategy [Trendoscope]Strategy Time!!!
Have built this on my earlier published indicator Band-Zigzag-Trend-Follower . This is just one possible implementation of strategy on Band-Based-Zigzag .
🎲 Notes
Experimental prototype. Not financial advise and strategy not guaranteed to make money despite backtest results
Not created or tested for any specific instrument or timeframe
Test and adopt with own risk
🎲 Strategy
This is trend following strategy built based on Bands and Zigzag. Traits of trend following strategies are
Lower win rate (Yes, thats right)
High risk reward (Compensates low win rate)
Higher drawdown
If market is choppy, trend following methods suffer.
The script implements few points to overcome the negatives such as lower win rate and higher drawdown by actively assessing pivots on the direction of trend along. This helps us take regular profits and exit on time during the end of trend. Most of the other concepts are defined and explained in indicator - Band-Zigzag-Trend-Follower and Band-Based-Zigzag
Defining a trend following method is simple. Basic rule of trend following is Buy High and Sell Low (Yes, you heard it right). To explain further - methodology involve finding an established trend which is flying high and join the trend with proper risk and optimal stop. Once you get into the trade, you will not exit unless there is change in the trend. Or in other words, the parameters which you used to define trend has reversed and the trend is not valid anymore.
🎯 Using bands
When price breaks out of upper bands (example, Bollinger Band , Keltener Channel, or Donchian Channel), with a pre determined length and multiplier, we can consider the trend to be bullish and similarly when price breaks down the lower band, we can consider the trend to be bearish .
🎯 Using Pivots
Simple logic using zigzag or pivot points is that when price starts making higher highs and higher lows, we can consider this as uptrend. And when price starts making lower highs and lower lows, we can consider this as downtrend. There are few supertrend implementations I have published in the past based on zigzags and pivot points .
Drawbacks of both of these methods is that there will be too many fluctuations in both cases unless we increase the reference length. And if we increase the reference length, we will have higher drawdown.
🎯 Band Based Zigzag Method
Here we use bands to define our pivot high and pivot low - this makes sure that we are identifying trend only on breakouts as pivots are only formed on breakouts
Our method also includes pivot ratio to cross over 1.0 to be able to consider it as trend. This means, we are waiting for price also to make new high high or lower low before making the decision on trend. But, this helps us ignore smaller pivot movements due to the usage of bands.
I have also implemented few tricks such as sticky bands (Bands will not contract unless there is breakout) and Adaptive Bands (Band will not expand unless price is moving in the direction of band). This makes the trend following method very robust.
To avoid fakeouts, we also use percentB of high/low in comparison with price retracement to define breakout.
🎲 Settings
Settings are fairly simpler and are explained as below. You will find most of the required information in tooltips.
FibRatiosLibrary "FibRatios"
Library with calculation logic for fib retracement, extension and ratios
retracement(a, b, ratio, logScale, precision)
Calculates the retracement for points a, b with given ratio and scale
Parameters:
a : Starting point a
b : Second point b
ratio : Ratio for which we need to calculate retracement c
logScale : Flag to get calculations in log scale. Default is false
precision : rounding precision. If set to netagive number, round_to_mintick is applied. Default is -1
Returns: retracement point c for points a,b with given ratio and scale
retracementRatio(a, b, c, logScale, precision)
Calculates the retracement ratio for points a, b, c with given scale
Parameters:
a : Starting point a
b : Second point b
c : Retracement point. c should be placed between a and b
logScale : Flag to get calculations in log scale. Default is false
precision : rounding precision. If set to netagive number, round_to_mintick is applied. Default is 3
Returns: retracement ratio for points a,b,c on given scale
extension(a, b, c, ratio, logScale, precision)
Calculates the extensions for points a, b, c with given ratio and scale
Parameters:
a : Starting point a
b : Second point b
c : Retracement point. c should be placed between a and b
ratio : Ratio for which we need to calculate extension d
logScale : Flag to get calculations in log scale. Default is false
precision : rounding precision. If set to netagive number, round_to_mintick is applied. Default is -1
Returns: extensoin point d for points a,b,c with given ratio and scale
extensionRatio(a, b, c, d, logScale, precision)
Calculates the extension ratio for points a, b, c, d with given scale
Parameters:
a : Starting point a
b : Second point b
c : Retracement point. c should be placed between a and b
d : Extension point. d should be placed beyond a, c. But, can be with b,c or beyond b
logScale : Flag to get calculations in log scale. Default is false
precision : rounding precision. If set to netagive number, round_to_mintick is applied. Default is 3
Returns: extension ratio for points a,b,c,d on given scale
DataCorrelationLibrary "DataCorrelation"
Implementation of functions related to data correlation calculations. Formulas have been transformed in such a way that we avoid running loops and instead make use of time series to gradually build the data we need to perform calculation. This allows the calculations to run on unbound series, and/or higher number of samples
🎲 Simplifying Covariance
Original Formula
//For Sample
Covₓᵧ = ∑ ((xᵢ-x̄)(yᵢ-ȳ)) / (n-1)
//For Population
Covₓᵧ = ∑ ((xᵢ-x̄)(yᵢ-ȳ)) / n
Now, if we look at numerator, this can be simplified as follows
∑ ((xᵢ-x̄)(yᵢ-ȳ))
=> (x₁-x̄)(y₁-ȳ) + (x₂-x̄)(y₂-ȳ) + (x₃-x̄)(y₃-ȳ) ... + (xₙ-x̄)(yₙ-ȳ)
=> (x₁y₁ + x̄ȳ - x₁ȳ - y₁x̄) + (x₂y₂ + x̄ȳ - x₂ȳ - y₂x̄) + (x₃y₃ + x̄ȳ - x₃ȳ - y₃x̄) ... + (xₙyₙ + x̄ȳ - xₙȳ - yₙx̄)
=> (x₁y₁ + x₂y₂ + x₃y₃ ... + xₙyₙ) + (x̄ȳ + x̄ȳ + x̄ȳ ... + x̄ȳ) - (x₁ȳ + x₂ȳ + x₃ȳ ... xₙȳ) - (y₁x̄ + y₂x̄ + y₃x̄ + yₙx̄)
=> ∑xᵢyᵢ + n(x̄ȳ) - ȳ∑xᵢ - x̄∑yᵢ
So, overall formula can be simplified to be used in pine as
//For Sample
Covₓᵧ = (∑xᵢyᵢ + n(x̄ȳ) - ȳ∑xᵢ - x̄∑yᵢ) / (n-1)
//For Population
Covₓᵧ = (∑xᵢyᵢ + n(x̄ȳ) - ȳ∑xᵢ - x̄∑yᵢ) / n
🎲 Simplifying Standard Deviation
Original Formula
//For Sample
σ = √(∑(xᵢ-x̄)² / (n-1))
//For Population
σ = √(∑(xᵢ-x̄)² / n)
Now, if we look at numerator within square root
∑(xᵢ-x̄)²
=> (x₁² + x̄² - 2x₁x̄) + (x₂² + x̄² - 2x₂x̄) + (x₃² + x̄² - 2x₃x̄) ... + (xₙ² + x̄² - 2xₙx̄)
=> (x₁² + x₂² + x₃² ... + xₙ²) + (x̄² + x̄² + x̄² ... + x̄²) - (2x₁x̄ + 2x₂x̄ + 2x₃x̄ ... + 2xₙx̄)
=> ∑xᵢ² + nx̄² - 2x̄∑xᵢ
=> ∑xᵢ² + x̄(nx̄ - 2∑xᵢ)
So, overall formula can be simplified to be used in pine as
//For Sample
σ = √(∑xᵢ² + x̄(nx̄ - 2∑xᵢ) / (n-1))
//For Population
σ = √(∑xᵢ² + x̄(nx̄ - 2∑xᵢ) / n)
🎲 Using BinaryInsertionSort library
Chatterjee Correlation and Spearman Correlation functions make use of BinaryInsertionSort library to speed up sorting. The library in turn implements mechanism to insert values into sorted order so that load on sorting is reduced by higher extent allowing the functions to work on higher sample size.
🎲 Function Documentation
chatterjeeCorrelation(x, y, sampleSize, plotSize)
Calculates chatterjee correlation between two series. Formula is - ξnₓᵧ = 1 - (3 * ∑ |rᵢ₊₁ - rᵢ|)/ (n²-1)
Parameters:
x : First series for which correlation need to be calculated
y : Second series for which correlation need to be calculated
sampleSize : number of samples to be considered for calculattion of correlation. Default is 20000
plotSize : How many historical values need to be plotted on chart.
Returns: float correlation - Chatterjee correlation value if falls within plotSize, else returns na
spearmanCorrelation(x, y, sampleSize, plotSize)
Calculates spearman correlation between two series. Formula is - ρ = 1 - (6∑dᵢ²/n(n²-1))
Parameters:
x : First series for which correlation need to be calculated
y : Second series for which correlation need to be calculated
sampleSize : number of samples to be considered for calculattion of correlation. Default is 20000
plotSize : How many historical values need to be plotted on chart.
Returns: float correlation - Spearman correlation value if falls within plotSize, else returns na
covariance(x, y, include, biased)
Calculates covariance between two series of unbound length. Formula is Covₓᵧ = ∑ ((xᵢ-x̄)(yᵢ-ȳ)) / (n-1) for sample and Covₓᵧ = ∑ ((xᵢ-x̄)(yᵢ-ȳ)) / n for population
Parameters:
x : First series for which covariance need to be calculated
y : Second series for which covariance need to be calculated
include : boolean flag used for selectively including sample
biased : boolean flag representing population covariance instead of sample covariance
Returns: float covariance - covariance of selective samples of two series x, y
stddev(x, include, biased)
Calculates Standard Deviation of a series. Formula is σ = √( ∑(xᵢ-x̄)² / n ) for sample and σ = √( ∑(xᵢ-x̄)² / (n-1) ) for population
Parameters:
x : Series for which Standard Deviation need to be calculated
include : boolean flag used for selectively including sample
biased : boolean flag representing population covariance instead of sample covariance
Returns: float stddev - standard deviation of selective samples of series x
correlation(x, y, include)
Calculates pearson correlation between two series of unbound length. Formula is r = Covₓᵧ / σₓσᵧ
Parameters:
x : First series for which correlation need to be calculated
y : Second series for which correlation need to be calculated
include : boolean flag used for selectively including sample
Returns: float correlation - correlation between selective samples of two series x, y
Band-Zigzag Based Trend FollowerWe defined new method to derive zigzag last month - which is called Channel-Based-Zigzag . This script is an example of one of the use case of this method.
🎲 Trend Following
Defining a trend following method is simple. Basic rule of trend following is Buy High and Sell Low (Yes, you heard it right). To explain further - methodology involve finding an established trend which is flying high and join the trend with proper risk and optimal stop. Once you get into the trade, you will not exit unless there is change in the trend. Or in other words, the parameters which you used to define trend has reversed and the trend is not valid anymore.
Few examples are:
🎯 Using bands
When price breaks out of upper bands (example, Bollinger Band, Keltener Channel, or Donchian Channel), with a pre determined length and multiplier, we can consider the trend to be bullish and similarly when price breaks down the lower band, we can consider the trend to be bearish.
Here are few examples where I have used bands for identifying trend
Band-Based-Supertrend
Donchian-Channel-Trend-Filter
🎯 Using Pivots
Simple logic using zigzag or pivot points is that when price starts making higher highs and higher lows, we can consider this as uptrend. And when price starts making lower highs and lower lows, we can consider this as downtrend. There are few supertrend implementations I have published in the past based on zigzags and pivot points.
Adoptive-Supertrend-Pivots
Zigzag-Supertrend
Drawbacks of both of these methods is that there will be too many fluctuations in both cases unless we increase the reference length. And if we increase the reference length, we will have higher drawdown.
🎲 Band Based Zigzag Method
Band Based Zigzag will help overcome these issues by combining both the methods.
Here we use bands to define our pivot high and pivot low - this makes sure that we are identifying trend only on breakouts as pivots are only formed on breakouts.
Our method also includes pivot ratio to cross over 1.0 to be able to consider it as trend. This means, we are waiting for price also to make new high high or lower low before making the decision on trend. But, this helps us ignore smaller pivot movements due to the usage of bands.
I have also implemented few tricks such as sticky bands (Bands will not contract unless there is breakout) and Adaptive Bands (Band will not expand unless price is moving in the direction of band). This makes the trend following method very robust.
To avoid fakeouts, we also use percentB of high/low in comparison with price retracement to define breakout.
🎲 The indicator
The output of indicator is simple and intuitive to understand.
🎯 Trend Criteria
Uptrend when last confirmed pivot is pivot high and has higher retracement ratio than PercentB of High. Else, considered as downtrend.
Downtrend when last confirmed pivot is pivot low and has higher retracement ratio than PercentB of High. Else, considered as uptrend.
🎯 Settings
Settings allow you to select the band type and parameters used for calculating zigzag and then trend. Also has few options to hide the display.
Chatterjee CorrelationThis is my first attempt on implementing a statistical method. This problem was given to me by @lejmer (who also helped me later on building more efficient code to achieve this) when we were debating on the need for higher resource allocation to run scripts so it can run longer and faster. The major problem faced by those who want to implement statistics based methods is that they run out of processing time or need to limit the data samples. My point was that such things need be implemented with an algorithm which suits pine instead of trying to port a python code directly. And yes, I am able to demonstrate that by using this implementation of Chatterjee Correlation.
🎲 What is Chatterjee Correlation?
The Chatterjee rank Correlation Coefficient (CCC) is a method developed by Sourav Chatterjee which can be used to study non linear correlation between two series.
Full documentation on the method can be found here:
arxiv.org
In short, the formula which we are implementing here is:
Algorithm can be simplified as follows:
1. Get the ranks of X
2. Get the ranks of Y
3. Sort ranks of Y in the order of X (Lets call this SortedYIndices)
4. Calculate the sum of adjacent Y ranks in SortedYIndices (Lets call it as SumOfAdjacentSortedIndices)
5. And finally the correlation coefficient can be calculated by using simple formula
CCC = 1 - (3*SumOfAdjacentSortedIndices)/(n^2 - 1)
🎲 Looks simple? What is the catch?
Mistake many people do here is that they think in Python/Java/C etc while coding in Pine. This makes code less efficient if it involves arrays and loops. And the simple code may look something like this.
var xArray = array.new()
var yArray = array.new()
array.push(xArray, x)
array.push(yArray, y)
sortX = array.sort_indices(xArray)
sortY = array.sort_indices(yArray)
SumOfAdjacentSortedIndices = 0.0
index = array.get(xSortIndices, 0)
for i=1 to n > 1? n -1 : na
indexNext = array.get(sortX, i)
SumOfAdjacentSortedIndices += math.abs(array.get(sortY, indexNext)-array.get(sortY, index))
index := indexNext
correlation := 1 - 3*SumOfAdjacentSortedIndices/(math.pow(n,2)-1)
But, problem here is the number of loops run. Remember pine executes the code on every bar. There are loops run in array.sort_indices and another loop we are running to calculate SumOfAdjacentSortedIndices. Due to this, chances of program throwing runtime errors due to script running for too long are pretty high. This limits greatly the number of samples against which we can run the study. The options to overcome are
Limit the sample size and calculate only between certain bars - this is not ideal as smaller sets are more likely to yield false or inconsistent results.
Start thinking in pine instead of python and code in such a way that it is optimised for pine. - This is exactly what we have done in the published code.
🎲 How to think in Pine?
In order to think in pine, you should try to eliminate the loops as much as possible. Specially on the data which is continuously growing.
My first thought was that sorting takes lots of time and need to find a better way to sort series - specially when it is a growing data set. Hence, I came up with this library which implements Binary Insertion Sort.
Replacing array.sort_indices with binary insertion sort will greatly reduce the number of loops run on each bar. In binary insertion sort, the array will remain sorted and any item we add, it will keep adding it in the existing sort order so that there is no need to run separate sort. This allows us to work with bigger data sets and can utilise full 20,000 bars for calculation instead of few 100s.
However, last loop where we calculate SumOfAdjacentSortedIndices is not replaceable easily. Hence, we only limit these iterations to certain bars (Even though we use complete sample size). Plots are made for only those bars where the results need to be printed.
🎲 Implementation
Current implementation is limited to few combinations of x and fixed y. But, will be converting this into library soon - which means, programmers can plug any x and y and get the correlation.
Our X here can be
Average volume
ATR
And our Y is distance of price from moving average - which identifies trend.
Thus, the indicator here helps to understand the correlation coefficient between volume and trend OR volatility and trend for given ticker and timeframe. Value closer to 1 means highly correlated and value closer to 0 means least correlated. Please note that this method will not tell how these values are correlated. That is, we will not be able to know if higher volume leads to higher trend or lower trend. But, we can say whether volume impacts trend or not.
Please note that values can differ by great extent for different timeframes. For example, if you look at 1D timeframe, you may get higher value of correlation coefficient whereas lower value for 1m timeframe. This means, volume to trend correlation is higher in 1D timeframe and lower in lower timeframes.
HSupertrendLibrary "HSupertrend"
Supertrend implementation based on harmonic patterns
hsupertrend(zProperties, pProperties, errorPercent, showPatterns, patternColor)
derives supertrend based on harmonic patterns
Parameters:
zProperties : ZigzagProperties containing Zigzag length and source array
pProperties : PatternProperties used for calculation
errorPercent : Error threshold for scanning patterns
showPatterns : Draw identified patterns structure on chart
patternColor : Color of the pattern lines to be drawn
Returns:
ZigzagProperties
ZigzagProperties contains values required for zigzag calculation
Fields:
length : Zigzag length
source : Array containing custom OHLC. If not set, array.from(high, low) is used
PatternProperties
PatternProperties are essential pattern parameters used for calculation of bullish and bearish zones
Fields:
base : Base for calculating entry and stop of pattern. Can be CD, minmax or correction. Default is CD
entryPercent : Distance from D in terms of percent of Base in the direction of pattern
stopPercent : Distance from D in terms of percent of Base in the opposite direction of pattern
useClosePrices : When set uses close price for calculation of supertrend breakout
