Auf geht's

Educational

ORB + FVG + PDH/PDL ORB + FVG + PDH/PDL is an all-in-one day-trading overlay that plots: Opening Range (ORB) high/low with optional box and extension Fair Value Gaps (FVG) with optional “unmitigated” levels + mitigation lines Previous Day High/Low history (PDH/PDL) drawn as one-day segments (yesterday’s levels plotted across today’s session only) Includes presets (ORB only / FVG only / Both) and optional alerts for ORB touches, ORB break + retest, FVG entry, and PDH/PDL touches.
Pine Script® Indikator
von JDJerde
Fixed $200 Risk Futures Position Sizer (2R Target)This indicator is designed for traders who want to follow a strict, professional-style risk model identical to the rules used in funded futures trading programs. Instead of risking a percentage of the account, the indicator always risks a fixed $200 per trade, regardless of contract or market volatility. This allows traders to simulate evaluation accounts and maintain perfect risk discipline. The tool works across a wide range of futures markets — including micro, mini, and continuous contracts (MES, MNQ, MNQ1!, MYM, M2K, MCL, MGC, ES1!, NQ1!, GC1!) — and automatically loads the correct tick size and tick value for each contract. This ensures that stop distance and risk calculations are always accurate, even when switching between index futures, metals, or energy markets. You simply enter your Entry Price and Stop Loss Price, and the indicator calculates: The stop distance in points and ticks The exact dollar risk per contract The maximum number of contracts allowed while staying under a fixed $200 risk A fully automated 2R take-profit target (equivalent to $400 profit per trade) Expected profit per contract Total projected profit based on allowed size Full long/short direction detection This makes position sizing effortless and completely rule-based. If the chosen stop-loss distance requires more than $200 of risk per contract, the indicator will automatically show 0 contracts allowed, preventing invalid trades and helping maintain consistency. For clarity and execution, the indicator also plots: A green Entry Line A red Stop-Loss Line A blue 2R Take-Profit Line This produces a visual, easy-to-understand risk-to-reward layout directly on the chart. This tool is ideal for traders preparing for funded account challenges, traders practicing mechanical risk systems, or anyone who wants to enforce a strict, repeatable risk framework. It eliminates guesswork, improves consistency, and helps traders build discipline by sizing every trade according to a fixed dollar risk with a precise 2R reward objective.
Pine Script® Indikator
von Robertwins
Mutanabby_AI | ONEUSDT_MR1 ONEUSDT Mean-Reversion Strategy | 74.68% Win Rate | 417% Net Profit This is a long-only mean-reversion strategy designed specifically for ONEUSDT on the 1-hour timeframe. The core logic identifies oversold conditions following sharp declines and enters positions when selling pressure exhausts, capturing the subsequent recovery bounce. Backtested Period: June 2019 – December 2025 (~6 years) Performance Summary | Metric | Value | |--------|-------| | Net Profit | +417.68% | | Win Rate | 74.68% | | Profit Factor | 4.019 | | Total Trades | 237 | | Sharpe Ratio | 0.364 | | Sortino Ratio | 1.917 | | Max Drawdown | 51.08% | | Avg Win | +3.14% | | Avg Loss | -2.30% | | Buy & Hold Return | -80.44% | Strategy Logic : Entry Conditions (Long Only): The strategy seeks confluence of three conditions that identify exhausted selling: 1. Prior Move Filter:*The price change from 5 bars ago to 3 bars ago must be ≥ -7% (ensures we're not entering during freefall) 2. Current Move Filter: The price change over the last 2 bars must be ≤ 0% (confirms momentum is stalling or reversing) 3. Three-Bar Decline: The price change from 5 bars ago to 3 bars ago must be ≤ -5% (confirms a significant recent drop occurred) When all three conditions align, the strategy identifies a potential reversal point where sellers are exhausted. Exit Conditions: - Primary Exit: Close above the previous bar's high while the open of the previous bar is at or below the close from 9 bars ago (profit-taking on strength) - Trailing Stop: 11x ATR trailing stop that locks in profits as price rises Risk Management - Position Sizing:Fixed position based on account equity divided by entry price - Trailing Stop:11× ATR (14-period) provides wide enough room for crypto volatility while protecting gains - Pyramiding:Up to 4 orders allowed (can scale into winning positions) - **Commission:** 0.1% per trade (realistic exchange fees included) Important Disclaimers ⚠️ This is NOT financial advice. - Past performance does not guarantee future results - Backtest results may contain look-ahead bias or curve-fitting - Real trading involves slippage, liquidity issues, and execution delays - This strategy is optimized for ONEUSDT specifically — results may differ on other pairs - Always test before risking real capital Recommended Usage - Timeframe:*1H (as designed) - Pair: ONEUSDT (Binance) - Account Size: Ensure sufficient capital to survive max drawdown Source Code Feedback Welcome I'm sharing this strategy freely for educational purposes. Please: - Drop a comment with your backtesting results any you analysis - Share any modifications that improve performance - Let me know if you spot any issues in the logic Happy trading As a quant trader, do you think this strategy will survive in live trading? Yes or No? And why? I want to hear from you guys
Pine Script® Strategie
von Mutanabby_AI
1
VCAI Volume & Liquidity Map LiteVCAI Volume & Liquidity Map Lite visualises recent market participation using a horizontal liquidity/volume histogram plotted beside current price. It shows where trading activity has clustered, where the chart is thin, and how much of that activity came from buying vs selling pressure. This Lite edition keeps the tool simple and fast: Yellow = buy-side volume (aggressive buyers / upward pressure) Purple = sell-side volume (aggressive sellers / downward pressure) Thicker sections = higher traded volume at that price POC line (purple) marks the price with the highest volume concentration Value Area lines (yellow dashed) mark where ~70% of volume has traded Bars extend outward to the right of price for a clean, unobstructed chart Lookback setting controls how many candles the map is built from Use it to quickly identify: high-interest price zones low-liquidity areas where price can move fast likely reaction levels where momentum may slow, reverse, or break through Designed as a lightweight, open-source tool for anyone wanting a clean liquidity/volume map without complex settings. Part of the VCAI Lite Series.
Pine Script® Indikator
von Vectorcoresai
RTH Yesterday & Today Premarket Levels## **RTH Yesterday & Today Premarket Levels** This indicator plots the most commonly used **institutional reference levels** for intraday trading: * **Yesterday’s Regular Trading Hours (RTH) High** * **Yesterday’s Regular Trading Hours (RTH) Low** * **Yesterday’s Regular Trading Hours (RTH) Close** * **Today’s Premarket High** * **Today’s Premarket Low** All levels are drawn as **straight horizontal lines with labels** and remain fixed throughout the current session. --- ### **How Levels Are Calculated** **Yesterday’s Levels (RTH only)** * Computed strictly from **Regular Trading Hours (09:30–16:00 exchange time)**. * Extended-hours data is **excluded** to avoid distortion. * Captures true institutional highs, lows, and closing price. **Today’s Premarket Levels (PM only)** * Computed strictly from **today’s premarket session (04:00–09:29)**. * Resets daily and does not include prior days. * Levels finalize once premarket ends and extend across the regular session. --- ### **Key Features** * Exactly **5 fixed reference levels**, no historical clutter * **Non-repainting**: levels do not change once established * **No zig-zags or plots**; only clean horizontal lines * Customizable **line colors and thickness** * Labels clearly identify each level: * Y High * Y Low * Y Close * PM High * PM Low --- ### **Best Use Cases** * Intraday trading (1m, 5m, 15m) * VWAP and momentum strategies * Gap-and-go or fade setups * Support/resistance validation * Options trading and scalping These levels often act as **decision points, liquidity magnets, and rejection zones** during the regular session. --- ### **Required Settings** * Use **intraday timeframes** * Enable **Extended Hours** in TradingView’s symbol settings * Designed for **US equities** using exchange time --- ### **Trader Notes** This script is intentionally minimalist. It shows only the **most relevant prior-day and premarket price references** used by professional traders, avoiding noise from multi-day indicators or derived averages.
Pine Script® Indikator
von nbaddam2
Stage 2 Pullback Swing indicatorThis scanner is built for swing traders who want high-probability pullbacks inside strong, established uptrends. It targets names in a confirmed Stage 2 bull phase (Weinstein model) that have pulled back 10–30% from a recent swing high on light selling volume, while still respecting fast EMAs. Goal: find powerful uptrending stocks during controlled dips before the next leg higher. What it looks for Strong prior uptrend: price above the 50 and 200 SMAs, momentum positive over multiple timeframes Confirmed Stage 2: price above a rising 30-week MA on the weekly chart Pullback depth: 10–30% off recent swing highs—not too shallow, not broken Pullback quality: range contained, no panic selling, trend structure intact EMA behavior: price near EMA10 or EMA20 at signal time Volume contraction: sellers fading throughout the pullback Bullish shift: green candle back in trend direction Why this matters This setup hints at institutions defending positions during a temporary dip. Strong stocks pull back cleanly with declining volume, then resume the primary trend. This script alerts you when those conditions align. Best way to use Filter a strong universe before applying—quality tickers only Pair with clear trade plans: risk defined by prior swing low or ATR Trigger alerts instead of hunting charts manually Intended for Swing traders who want momentum continuation setups Traders who prefer entering on controlled retracements Anyone tired of chasing extended breakouts
Pine Script® Indikator
von tanveeralims
Vib ORB Range (Free)Vib ORB Range (Free) plots the Opening Range High and Low for the session based on a user-defined start time and duration. This tool is designed for traders who want a clean, no-noise display of the ORB zone without extra indicators or automation. Features: Customizable Opening Range start time Customizable Opening Range duration Automatically resets daily Plots ORB High, ORB Low, and optional ORB Midline Shaded range zone for improved clarity Works on all timeframes and markets How to Use: Set the ORB start time (default 9:30 New York) Set the ORB duration (default 15 minutes) The indicator will draw the ORB zone once the range completes Use the outlines or shaded zone to visually identify potential breakout areas This free tool is intended as a simple, reliable ORB visualizer without alerts, filters, or strategy logic.
Pine Script® Indikator
von vmarapak
30-Minute High and Low30-Minute High and Low Levels This indicator plots the previous 30-minute candle’s high and low on any intraday chart. These levels are widely used by intraday traders to identify key breakout zones, liquidity pools, micro-range boundaries, and early trend direction. Features: • Automatically pulls the previous 30-minute candle using higher-timeframe HTF requests • Displays the HTF High (blue) and HTF Low (red) on lower-timeframe charts • Works on all intraday timeframes (1m, 3m, 5m, 10m, etc.) • Levels stay fixed until the next 30-minute bar completes • Ideal for ORB strategies, scalping, liquidity sweeps, and reversal traps Use Cases: • Watch for breakouts above the 30-minute high • Monitor for liquidity sweeps and fakeouts around the high/low • Treat the mid-range as a magnet during consolidation • Combine with VWAP or EMA trend structure for high-precision intraday setups This indicator is simple, fast, and designed for traders who rely on HTF micro-structure to guide intraday execution.
Pine Script® Indikator
von MomentumCraft_
🐋 MACRO POSITION TRADER - Quarterly Alignment 💎Disclaimer: This tool is an alignment filter and educational resource, not financial advice. Backtest and use proper risk management. Past performance does not guarantee future returns. so the idea behind this one came from an experience i had when i first started learning how to trade. dont laugh at me but i was the guy to buy into those stupid AI get rich quick schemes or the first person to buy the "golden indicator" just to find out that it was a scam. Its also to help traders place trades they can hold for months with high confidence and not have to sit in front of charts all day, and to also scale up quickly with small accounts confidently. and basically what it does is gives an alert once the 3 mo the 6 mo and the 12 mo tfs all align with eachother and gives the option to toggle on or off the 1 mo tf as well for extra confidence. Enter on the 5M–15M after a sweep + CHOCH in the direction of the aligned 1M–12M bias. that simple just continue to keep watching key levels mabey take profit 1-2 weeks and jump back in scaling up if desired..easy way to combine any small account size. Perfect balance of: low risk high R:R optimal precision minimal chop best sweep/CHOCH clarity hope you guys enjoy this one.
Pine Script® Indikator
von wateriskey6689
ShooterViz Lazy Trader EMA SystemShooterViz Lazy Trader EMA System - Complete User Guide What This Script Does This is a position scaling indicator that tells you exactly when to enter, add to, and exit trades using a simplified 5-EMA system. It removes the guesswork and decision fatigue from trading by giving you clear visual signals. The Core Concept 3 entry signals that build your position from 20% → 50% → 100% 2 exit signals that scale you out at 50% → 50% (complete exit) 1 higher timeframe filter that keeps you on the right side of the trend No Fibonacci calculations, no RSI divergence, no multi-indicator confusion. Just EMAs and price action. What You'll See On Your Chart 1. Colored EMA Lines Blue Lines (Entry Zone): 3 EMA (lightest blue) - Early reversal detector 5 EMA (darker blue) - Confirmation line Green Lines (Add Zone): 21 EMA (bright green) - First add location 34 EMA (lighter green) - Final add location Red Lines (Exit Zone): 89 EMA (lighter red) - First exit trigger 144 EMA (darker red) - Final exit trigger Orange Lines (Hyper Frame - optional): Hyper 21 EMA (from higher timeframe) - Trend direction Hyper 34 EMA (from higher timeframe) - Bias confirmation 2. Triangle Signals Green Triangles (Below Price) = BUY/ADD: Lime triangle with "20%" = Entry 1: Price reclaimed 3→5 EMA (starter position) Green triangle with "30%" = Entry 2: Price bounced off 21 EMA (first add) Teal triangle with "50%" = Entry 3: Price broke out from 34 EMA compression (final add) Red Triangles (Above Price) = SELL: Orange triangle with "50% OFF" = Exit 1: Price broke below 89 EMA (take half off) Red triangle with "EXIT ALL" = Exit 2: Price broke below 144 EMA (close remaining position) 3. Background Color (Trend Bias) Light green background = Hyper frame EMAs trending up (bias LONG) Light red background = Hyper frame EMAs trending down (bias SHORT) Gray background = Neutral/choppy (be cautious) 4. Info Table (Top Right Corner) A live status dashboard showing: Which entry signals are currently active (✓ or —) Which exit signals are currently active (⚠ or ⛔) Current hyper frame bias (🟢 LONG / 🔴 SHORT / ⚪ NEUTRAL) Which timeframe you're using for hyper frame filtering How to Install and Set Up Step 1: Add the Script to TradingView Open TradingView Click "Pine Editor" at the bottom of the screen Copy the entire script code Paste it into the Pine Editor Click "Add to Chart" Step 2: Configure Your Settings Click the gear icon ⚙️ next to "LazyEMA" in your indicators list. Critical Settings to Configure: Hyper Frame Selection (Most Important!) Location: "Hyper Frame (Pick ONE)" section Setting: "Timeframe" What to choose: Trading 15min or 1H charts? → Use "240" (4-hour) Trading 4H or Daily charts? → Use "D" (Daily) Trading Daily or Weekly charts? → Use "W" (Weekly) Why this matters: This filter keeps you aligned with the bigger trend. Only take longs when this timeframe is green, shorts when it's red. MA Type (Optional, default is fine) Location: "MA Config" section Default: EMA (recommended) Options: EMA, SMA, WMA, HMA, RMA, VWMA Most traders should stick with EMA Visual Toggles (Customize your view) Entry Zone: Turn individual EMAs on/off (3, 5, 21, 34) Exit Zone: Turn individual EMAs on/off (89, 144) Hyper Frame: Toggle the higher timeframe EMAs on/off Step 3: Clean Up Your Chart Turn OFF these if visible: Volume bars (they clutter the view) Any other indicators you have loaded Grid lines (optional, but cleaner) Keep ONLY: Price candles Your ShooterViz Lazy Trader EMA System Maybe support/resistance levels if you manually draw them How to Trade With This Script The Basic Workflow Before the Market Opens: Check the background color and info table bias Green background? Look for LONG setups only Red background? Look for SHORT setups only Gray background? Stay flat or trade small During the Trading Session: LONGS (When hyper frame is bullish): Wait for Entry 1 signal: Lime triangle appears with "20%" Price has reclaimed the 5 EMA after dipping to 3 EMA Action: Enter 20% of your intended position Stop loss: Place below the 5 EMA or recent swing low Wait for Entry 2 signal: Green triangle appears with "30%" Price pulled back to 21 EMA and bounced Action: Add 30% more (you're now at 50% total) Move stop: Trail it up to below 21 EMA Wait for Entry 3 signal: Teal triangle appears with "50%" Price compressed at 34 EMA and broke out Action: Add final 50% (you're now 100% loaded) Move stop: Trail it up to below 34 EMA Wait for Exit 1 signal: Orange triangle appears with "50% OFF" Price broke below 89 EMA Action: Exit 50% of your position immediately Move stop on rest: Trail to 89 EMA or lock in profits Wait for Exit 2 signal: Red triangle appears with "EXIT ALL" Price broke below 144 EMA Action: Exit remaining 50% (you're now flat) Or: Stop gets hit at 89 EMA (same result) SHORTS (When hyper frame is bearish): Same process, but inverted Triangles appear above price instead of below Look for breakdowns below EMAs instead of bounces off them Exit when price reclaims 89 and 144 EMAs Real-World Example Walkthrough Setup: Trading ES (S&P 500 Futures) on 1H Chart Chart Configuration: Timeframe: 1 Hour Hyper Frame: 240 (4-hour) Ticker: ES Pre-Market Check: Background is light green Info table shows "🟢 LONG" for Hyper Bias Decision: Only look for long entries today 9:30 AM - Market Opens Price dips and touches 3 EMA Watch for: Reclaim of 5 EMA 9:45 AM - Entry 1 Triggers Lime triangle appears below bar Price closed above 5 EMA at $4,550 Action taken: Enter long 20% position (2 contracts if targeting 10 total) Stop loss at $4,545 (below 5 EMA) Risk: $10 per contract × 2 = $20 risk 10:30 AM - Entry 2 Triggers Price rallied to $4,565, pulls back Green triangle appears at 21 EMA ($4,555) Action taken: Add 30% (3 more contracts, now have 5 total) Move stop to $4,550 (below 21 EMA) Current P/L: +$25 ($5 gain on original 2 contracts, break-even on new 3) 11:15 AM - Entry 3 Triggers Price consolidates at 34 EMA around $4,560 Teal triangle appears as price breaks to $4,568 Action taken: Add final 50% (5 more contracts, now have 10 total) Move stop to $4,555 (below 34 EMA) Current P/L: +$70 1:00 PM - Price Extends Price rallies to $4,595 (on track) 89 EMA is at $4,575 No action yet, let it run 2:15 PM - Exit 1 Triggers Price pulls back from $4,600 Orange triangle appears as price breaks below 89 EMA at $4,580 Action taken: Exit 50% (5 contracts closed at $4,580) Keep 5 contracts with stop at 89 EMA ($4,575) Banked: +$150 average gain on closed 5 contracts 2:45 PM - Exit 2 Triggers Price continues down Red triangle appears as price breaks 144 EMA at $4,570 Action taken: Exit remaining 5 contracts at $4,570 Banked: +$100 on remaining 5 contracts Final Results: Total gain: $250 on the trade Initial risk: $50 (if stopped out at Entry 1) Risk/Reward: 5:1 Time in trade: ~5 hours Common Questions "What if I miss Entry 1? Can I still take Entry 2?" Yes! Each entry is independent. If you miss the 3→5 reclaim, wait for the 21 EMA bounce. You'll start with a 30% position instead of 20%, but that's fine. Rule: Never chase. Wait for the next EMA setup. "What if multiple entry signals trigger at the same bar?" Rare, but possible. If you see both Entry 1 and Entry 2 trigger together: Take Entry 1 first (20%) If the next bar confirms Entry 2 is still valid, add 30% When in doubt, scale in gradually "The hyper frame is green but I'm seeing short signals?" Don't take them. The hyper frame is your bias filter. If it says "go long," ignore short setups. They're usually lower probability and will get stopped out. "Can I use this for swing trading overnight?" Absolutely. Just switch your hyper frame: If you're on Daily charts, use Weekly hyper frame If you're on 4H charts, use Daily hyper frame Adjust position sizes for overnight risk "What if the signal appears right at market close?" Don't chase it. Wait for the next bar (next day) to confirm. Signals that appear in the last 5 minutes are often noise. "How do I set up alerts?" Right-click on the chart Select "Add Alert" Choose "LazyEMA" from the condition dropdown Select which signal you want alerts for: Entry 1: 3→5 Reclaim Entry 2: 21 EMA Add Entry 3: 34 EMA Breakout Exit 1: 89 EMA Break Exit 2: 144 EMA Break Click "Create" Pro tip: Set up all 5 alerts so you never miss a signal. Position Sizing Guide see swingtradenotes.substack.com Critical Rule: Know your total risk BEFORE you take Entry 1. Don't wing it. Customization Tips For Day Traders (Scalpers) Use 5min or 15min charts Hyper frame: 1H or 4H Expect 2-4 setups per day Tighter stops (0.5% risk per entry) For Swing Traders Use 4H or Daily charts Hyper frame: Daily or Weekly Expect 1-2 setups per week Wider stops (1-2% risk per entry) For Position Traders Use Daily or Weekly charts Hyper frame: Weekly or Monthly Expect 1-2 setups per month Widest stops (2-3% risk per entry) The "Don't Be Stupid" Checklist Before taking ANY signal from this script, ask: ✅ Is the hyper frame bias pointing in my direction? ✅ Is the signal clean (not at a weird time or during news)? ✅ Do I know my stop loss level? ✅ Do I know my position size? ✅ Can I afford to lose if this trade fails? If you answered "no" to ANY of these, skip the trade. Troubleshooting "I'm not seeing any signals" Possible causes: The "Show Lazy Trader System" toggle is off (turn it on) Your chart timeframe is too high (try 1H or 4H) Market is in a tight range (EMAs are compressed) You need to refresh the chart "Too many signals, getting whipsawed" Fixes: Increase your chart timeframe (go from 15m to 1H) Switch to a less volatile ticker Only trade when hyper frame bias is STRONG (not neutral) Add a minimum bar count between signals "The info table is covering my price action" Fix: Edit the script Find the line: table.new(position.top_right, ... Change position.top_right to position.bottom_right or position.top_left "Signals appear then disappear" This is normal (repainting). Some signals (especially compression breakouts) can disappear if the next bar reverses. This is why you: Wait for bar close before acting Use alerts that only fire on confirmed bars Don't chase signals mid-bar Final Thoughts This script is a decision-making tool, not a crystal ball. It shows you high-probability setups based on EMA dynamics and trend structure. You still need to: Manage your risk Choose your position size Stick to the rules Accept losses when they happen The system works when YOU work the system. Print this guide, tape it next to your monitor, and follow it religiously for 20 trades before making ANY changes. Good luck, and stay lazy (the smart way).
Pine Script® Indikator
von SwingTradeNotes
Market Structure Shift (MSS) [Sword & Shield]MARKET STRUCTURE SHIFT (MSS) A clean and focused indicator for identifying Market Structure Shifts in price action. ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ WHAT IS MARKET STRUCTURE SHIFT (MSS)? ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ A Market Structure Shift occurs when price breaks a significant swing high or swing low, indicating a potential change in market direction. This indicator automatically detects and plots these key levels. BULLISH MSS: Price breaks above a previous swing high BEARISH MSS: Price breaks below a previous swing low ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ FEATURES ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ CLEAN DISPLAY - Shows only the last 2 MSS by default (1 bullish + 1 bearish) - Keeps charts clean and focused on recent structure - Automatically removes old MSS when new ones appear CUSTOMIZABLE DETECTION - Adjustable swing detection (left/right bars) - Choose break confirmation method (Close or Wick) - Fixed-length lines (no infinite extension by default) SMART FILTERING - Only plots one MSS per direction until opposite MSS occurs - Prevents duplicate signals in the same direction - Clear visual distinction between bullish (blue) and bearish (red) CLEAN LABELS - Text labels positioned above lines - No background tooltips for cleaner appearance - Color-matched to their respective MSS lines ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ SETTINGS ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ SWING DETECTION - Swing Left Bars (default: 2) - Swing Right Bars (default: 2) - Higher values = more significant swings detected BREAK CONFIRMATION - Close: MSS confirmed when candle closes beyond level - Wick: MSS confirmed when wick touches beyond level DISPLAY OPTIONS - Show Only Last 2 MSS: ON by default (keeps chart clean) - Extend lines to the right: OFF by default (fixed-length lines) - Line bars (when not extended): 50 bars (customizable) ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ HOW IT WORKS ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ DETECTION LOGIC 1. Identifies swing highs and swing lows using pivot detection 2. Monitors price action for breaks of these levels 3. Confirms break based on selected method (Close or Wick) 4. Plots MSS line at the broken level FILTERING LOGIC - Only one MSS per direction is allowed consecutively - Example: If bullish MSS appears, no new bullish MSS until bearish MSS occurs - This prevents multiple signals in trending markets DISPLAY LOGIC - When "Show Only Last 2 MSS" is enabled: • Only the most recent bullish MSS is shown • Only the most recent bearish MSS is shown • Old MSS are automatically deleted when new ones appear - When disabled: All historical MSS remain visible ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ USAGE EXAMPLES ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ FOR TREND IDENTIFICATION - Bullish MSS = Potential uptrend beginning - Bearish MSS = Potential downtrend beginning - Use in conjunction with other indicators for confirmation FOR ENTRY SIGNALS - Wait for MSS to confirm trend change - Enter on pullback to MSS level - Use MSS as support/resistance FOR SCALPING (Lower Timeframes) - Swing Left/Right Bars: 2-3 (more sensitive) - Break Confirmation: Close (more reliable) - Show Only Last 2 MSS: ON (cleaner charts) FOR SWING TRADING (Higher Timeframes) - Swing Left/Right Bars: 5-10 (more significant swings) - Break Confirmation: Close (avoid false breaks) - Show Only Last 2 MSS: ON or OFF based on preference ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ VISUAL DESIGN ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LINES - Dashed style for easy identification - Blue for bullish MSS - Red for bearish MSS - Fixed length (50 bars default) for cleaner appearance LABELS - "MSS" text positioned above each line - No background for clean display - Color-matched to line color - Small size to avoid chart clutter ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ CREDITS & LICENSE ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ © Sword & Shield This Pine Script code is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License 2.0 mozilla.org
Pine Script® Indikator
von swordNshield
5
Credit Spread RegimeThe Credit Market as Economic Barometer Credit spreads are among the most reliable leading indicators of economic stress. When corporations borrow money by issuing bonds, investors demand a premium above the risk-free Treasury rate to compensate for the possibility of default. This premium, known as the credit spread, fluctuates based on perceptions of economic health, corporate profitability, and systemic risk. The relationship between credit spreads and economic activity has been studied extensively. Two papers form the foundation of this indicator. Pierre Collin-Dufresne, Robert Goldstein, and Spencer Martin published their influential 2001 paper in the Journal of Finance, documenting that credit spread changes are driven by factors beyond firm-specific credit quality. They found that a substantial portion of spread variation is explained by market-wide factors, suggesting credit spreads contain information about aggregate economic conditions. Simon Gilchrist and Egon Zakrajsek extended this research in their 2012 American Economic Review paper, introducing the concept of the Excess Bond Premium. They demonstrated that the component of credit spreads not explained by default risk alone is a powerful predictor of future economic activity. Elevated excess spreads precede recessions with remarkable consistency. What Credit Spreads Reveal Credit spreads measure the difference in yield between corporate bonds and Treasury securities of similar maturity. High yield bonds, also called junk bonds, carry ratings below investment grade and offer higher yields to compensate for greater default risk. Investment grade bonds have lower yields because the probability of default is smaller. The spread between high yield and investment grade bonds is particularly informative. When this spread widens, investors are demanding significantly more compensation for taking on credit risk. This typically indicates deteriorating economic expectations, tighter financial conditions, or increasing risk aversion. When the spread narrows, investors are comfortable accepting lower premiums, signaling confidence in corporate health. The Gilchrist-Zakrajsek research showed that credit spreads contain two distinct components. The first is the expected default component, which reflects the probability-weighted cost of potential defaults based on corporate fundamentals. The second is the excess bond premium, which captures additional compensation demanded beyond expected defaults. This excess premium rises when investor risk appetite declines and financial conditions tighten. The Implementation Approach This indicator uses actual option-adjusted spread data from the Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED), available directly in TradingView. The ICE BofA indices represent the industry standard for measuring corporate bond spreads. The primary data sources are FRED:BAMLH0A0HYM2, the ICE BofA US High Yield Index Option-Adjusted Spread, and FRED:BAMLC0A0CM, the ICE BofA US Corporate Index Option-Adjusted Spread for investment grade bonds. These indices measure the spread of corporate bonds over Treasury securities of similar duration, expressed in basis points. Option-adjusted spreads account for embedded options in corporate bonds, providing a cleaner measure of credit risk than simple yield spreads. The methodology developed by ICE BofA is widely used by institutional investors and central banks for monitoring credit conditions. The indicator offers two modes. The HY-IG excess spread mode calculates the difference between high yield and investment grade spreads, isolating the pure compensation for below-investment-grade credit risk. This measure is less affected by broad interest rate movements. The HY-only mode tracks the absolute high yield spread, capturing both credit risk and the overall level of risk premiums in the market. Interpreting the Regimes Credit conditions are classified into four regimes based on Z-scores calculated from the spread proxy. The Stress regime occurs when spreads reach extreme levels, typically above a Z-score of 2.0. At this point, credit markets are pricing in significant default risk and economic deterioration. Historically, stress regimes have coincided with recessions, financial crises, and major market dislocations. The 2008 financial crisis, the 2011 European debt crisis, the 2016 commodity collapse, and the 2020 pandemic all triggered credit stress regimes. The Elevated regime, between Z-scores of 1.0 and 2.0, indicates above-normal risk premiums. Credit conditions are tightening. This often occurs in the build-up to stress events or during periods of uncertainty. Risk management should be heightened, and exposure to credit-sensitive assets may be reduced. The Normal regime covers Z-scores between -1.0 and 1.0. This represents typical credit conditions where spreads fluctuate around historical averages. Standard investment approaches are appropriate. The Low regime occurs when spreads are compressed below a Z-score of -1.0. Investors are accepting below-average compensation for credit risk. This can indicate complacency, strong economic confidence, or excessive risk-taking. While often associated with favorable conditions, extremely tight spreads sometimes precede sudden reversals. Credit Cycle Dynamics Beyond static regime classification, the indicator tracks the direction and acceleration of spread movements. This reveals where credit markets stand in the credit cycle. The Deteriorating phase occurs when spreads are elevated and continuing to widen. Credit conditions are actively worsening. This phase often precedes or coincides with economic downturns. The Recovering phase occurs when spreads are elevated but beginning to narrow. The worst may be over. Credit conditions are improving from stressed levels. This phase often accompanies the early stages of economic recovery. The Tightening phase occurs when spreads are low and continuing to compress. Credit conditions are very favorable and improving further. This typically occurs during strong economic expansions but may signal building complacency. The Loosening phase occurs when spreads are low but beginning to widen from compressed levels. The extremely favorable conditions may be normalizing. This can be an early warning of changing sentiment. Relationship to Economic Activity The predictive power of credit spreads for economic activity is well-documented. Gilchrist and Zakrajsek found that the excess bond premium predicts GDP growth, industrial production, and unemployment rates over horizons of one to four quarters. When credit spreads spike, the cost of corporate borrowing increases. Companies may delay or cancel investment projects. Reduced investment leads to slower growth and eventually higher unemployment. The transmission mechanism runs from financial conditions to real economic activity. Conversely, tight credit spreads lower borrowing costs and encourage investment. Easy credit conditions support economic expansion. However, excessively tight spreads may encourage over-leveraging, planting seeds for future stress. Practical Application For equity investors, credit spreads provide context for market risk. Equities and credit often move together because both reflect corporate health. Rising credit spreads typically accompany falling stock prices. Extremely wide spreads historically have coincided with equity market bottoms, though timing the reversal remains challenging. For fixed income investors, spread regimes guide sector allocation decisions. During stress regimes, flight to quality favors Treasuries over corporates. During low regimes, spread compression may offer limited additional return for credit risk, suggesting caution on high yield. For macro traders, credit spreads complement other indicators of financial conditions. Credit stress often leads equity volatility, providing an early warning signal. Cross-asset strategies may use credit regime as a filter for position sizing. Limitations and Considerations FRED data updates with a lag, typically one business day for the ICE BofA indices. For intraday trading decisions, more current proxies may be necessary. The data is most reliable on daily timeframes. Credit spreads can remain at extreme levels for extended periods. Mean reversion signals indicate elevated probability of normalization but do not guarantee timing. The 2008 crisis saw spreads remain elevated for many months before normalizing. The indicator is calibrated for US credit markets. Application to other regions would require different data sources such as European or Asian credit indices. The relationship between spreads and subsequent economic activity may vary across market cycles and structural regimes. References Collin-Dufresne, P., Goldstein, R.S., and Martin, J.S. (2001). The Determinants of Credit Spread Changes. Journal of Finance, 56(6), 2177-2207. Gilchrist, S., and Zakrajsek, E. (2012). Credit Spreads and Business Cycle Fluctuations. American Economic Review, 102(4), 1692-1720. Krishnamurthy, A., and Muir, T. (2017). How Credit Cycles across a Financial Crisis. Working Paper, Stanford University.
Pine Script® Indikator
von EdgeTools
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