Forex Pair Yield Momentum This Pine Script strategy leverages yield differentials between the 2-year government bond yields of two countries to trade Forex pairs. Yield spreads are widely regarded as a fundamental driver of currency movements, as highlighted by international finance theories like the Interest Rate Parity (IRP), which suggests that currencies with higher yields tend to appreciate due to increased capital flows:
1. Dynamic Yield Spread Calculation:
• The strategy dynamically calculates the yield spread (yield_a - yield_b) for the chosen Forex pair.
• Example: For GBP/USD, the spread equals US 2Y Yield - UK 2Y Yield.
2. Momentum Analysis via Bollinger Bands:
• Yield momentum is computed as the difference between the current spread and its moving
Bollinger Bands are applied to identify extreme deviations:
• Long Entry: When momentum crosses below the lower band.
• Short Entry: When momentum crosses above the upper band.
3. Reversal Logic:
• An optional checkbox reverses the trading logic, allowing long trades at the upper band and short trades at the lower band, accommodating different market conditions.
4. Trade Management:
• Positions are held for a predefined number of bars (hold_periods), and each trade uses a fixed contract size of 100 with a starting capital of $20,000.
Theoretical Basis:
1. Yield Differentials and Currency Movements:
• Empirical studies, such as Clarida et al. (2009), confirm that interest rate differentials significantly impact exchange rate dynamics, especially in carry trade strategies .
• Higher-yields tend to appreciate against lower-yielding currencies due to speculative flows and demand for higher returns.
2. Bollinger Bands for Momentum:
• Bollinger Bands effectively capture deviations in yield momentum, identifying opportunities where price returns to equilibrium (mean reversion) or extends in trend-following scenarios (momentum breakout).
• As Bollinger (2001) emphasized, this tool adapts to market volatility by dynamically adjusting thresholds .
References:
1. Dornbusch, R. (1976). Expectations and Exchange Rate Dynamics. Journal of Political Economy.
2. Obstfeld, M., & Rogoff, K. (1996). Foundations of International Macroeconomics.
3. Clarida, R., Davis, J., & Pedersen, N. (2009). Currency Carry Trade Regimes. NBER.
4. Bollinger, J. (2001). Bollinger on Bollinger Bands.
5. Mendelsohn, L. B. (2006). Forex Trading Using Intermarket Analysis.
Educational
Buy & Hold aka. HODL StrategyThis is a simply HODL or Buy & Hold strategy, which is super useful to see the risk and reward of such a strategy.
The benefit of using this strategy is that you also get to see the Max Drawdown (Risk).
This way you can compare it to the Net Profit (Reward) and decide if it's worth it for you.
This strategy buys on the Start Date and sells either on the End Date or on the last candle if the End Date is in the future.
Remember that the strategy must close the trade (sell) otherwise you don't see any results in the Strategy Tester (this is how it works).
Engulfing Candlestick StrategyEver wondered whether the Bullish or Bearish Engulfing pattern works or has statistical significance? This script is for you. It works across all markets and timeframes.
The Engulfing Candlestick Pattern is a widely used technical analysis pattern that traders use to predict potential price reversals. It consists of two candles: a small candle followed by a larger one that "engulfs" the previous candle. This pattern is considered bullish when it occurs in a downtrend (bullish engulfing) and bearish when it occurs in an uptrend (bearish engulfing).
Statistical Significance of the Engulfing Pattern:
While many traders rely on candlestick patterns for making decisions, research on the statistical significance of these patterns has produced mixed results. A study by Dimitrios K. Koutoupis and K. M. Koutoupis (2014), titled "Testing the Effectiveness of Candlestick Chart Patterns in Forex Markets," indicates that candlestick patterns, including the engulfing pattern, can provide some predictive power, but their success largely depends on the market conditions and timeframe used. The researchers concluded that while some candlestick patterns can be useful, traders must combine them with other indicators or market knowledge to improve their predictive accuracy.
Another study by Brock, Lakonishok, and LeBaron (1992), "Simple Technical Trading Rules and the Stochastic Properties of Stock Returns," explores the profitability of technical indicators, including candlestick patterns, and finds that simple trading rules, such as those based on moving averages or candlestick patterns, can occasionally outperform a random walk in certain market conditions.
However, Jorion (1997), in his work "The Risk of Speculation: The Case of Technical Analysis," warns that the reliability of candlestick patterns, including the engulfing patterns, can vary significantly across different markets and periods. Therefore, it's important to use these patterns as part of a broader trading strategy that includes other risk management techniques and technical indicators.
Application Across Markets:
This script applies to all markets (e.g., stocks, commodities, forex) and timeframes, making it a versatile tool for traders seeking to explore the statistical effectiveness of the bullish and bearish engulfing patterns in their own trading.
Conclusion:
This script allows you to backtest and visualize the effectiveness of the Bullish and Bearish Engulfing patterns across any market and timeframe. While the statistical significance of these patterns may vary, the script provides a clear framework for evaluating their performance in real-time trading conditions. Always remember to combine such patterns with other risk management strategies and indicators to enhance their predictive power.
Up Gap Strategy with DelayThis strategy, titled “Up Gap Strategy with Delay,” is based on identifying up gaps in the price action of an asset. A gap is defined as the percentage difference between the current bar’s open price and the previous bar’s close price. The strategy triggers a long position if the gap exceeds a user-defined threshold and includes a delay period before entering the position. After entering, the position is held for a set number of periods before being closed.
Key Features:
1. Gap Threshold: The strategy defines an up gap when the gap size exceeds a specified threshold (in percentage terms). The gap threshold is an input parameter that allows customization based on the user’s preference.
2. Delay Period: After the gap occurs, the strategy waits for a delay period before initiating a long position. This delay can help mitigate any short-term volatility that might occur immediately after the gap.
3. Holding Period: Once the position is entered, it is held for a user-defined number of periods (holdingPeriods). This is to capture the potential post-gap trend continuation, as gaps often indicate strong directional momentum.
4. Gap Plotting: The strategy visually plots up gaps on the chart by placing a green label beneath the bar where the gap condition is met. Additionally, the background color turns green to highlight up-gap occurrences.
5. Exit Condition: The position is exited after the defined holding period. The strategy ensures that the position is closed after this time, regardless of whether the price is in profit or loss.
Scientific Background:
The gap theory has been widely studied in financial literature and is based on the premise that gaps in price often represent areas of significant support or resistance. According to research by Kaufman (2002), gaps in price action can be indicators of future price direction, particularly when they occur after a period of consolidation or a trend reversal. Moreover, Gaps and their Implications in Technical Analysis (Murphy, 1999) highlights that gaps can reflect imbalances between supply and demand, leading to high momentum and potential price continuation or reversal.
In trading strategies, utilizing gaps with specific conditions, such as delay and holding periods, can enhance the ability to capture significant price moves. The strategy’s delay period helps avoid potential market noise immediately after the gap, while the holding period seeks to capitalize on the price continuation that often follows gap formation.
This methodology aligns with momentum-based strategies, which rely on the persistence of trends in financial markets. Several studies, including Jegadeesh & Titman (1993), have documented the existence of momentum effects in stock prices, where past price movements can be predictive of future returns.
Conclusion:
This strategy incorporates gap detection and momentum principles, supported by empirical research in technical analysis, to attempt to capitalize on price movements following significant gaps. By waiting for a delay period and holding the position for a specified time, it aims to mitigate the risk associated with early volatility while maximizing the potential for sustained price moves.
XT Alert Builder - [CrossTrade]The XT Alert Builder is designed to work with CrossTrade and provide an easy way to create strategy entries from Indicator signal sources.
The {{strategy.order.alert_message}} variable along with your Secret Key will send CrossTrade compatible payloads for automated order execution in NinjaTrader 8.
SIGNAL SETTINGS
1. Determine your Entry Signal Source (indicator or OHLC) for both buy and sell signals independently. You can also elect to make the strategy unidirectional by unchecking one of the signal boxes.
2. Determine your Exit Signal Type. The default is Custom which means you're using some kind of input for this like an indicator. Optionally, you can select 'Session End' which will delay the strategy exit until the last bar of the session based n the Trading End Hour/Minute you set in your Trading Hours section.
3. Determine you Exit Sources for Buy and Sells. You can mix and match these inputs for ultimate customization of entries and exits - have fun!
The strategy will by default send a CLOSEPOSITION command to the instrument and account specified based on your Exit settings and time.
TRADING HOURS
Users can specify a trading session or time window to ensure signals only occur during desired hours. The Session End exit signal is based on this window.
NINJATRADER SETTINGS
1. Your NT8 Account. Separate multiple accounts by comma for multi-account placement.
2. Your preferred NT8 instrument in NT compatible format. (e.g. ES 03-25, ES MAR25)
3. Your preferred NT8 quantity
TRADE MANAGEMENT
We've provided both options, you can either use an ATM strategy template or stop loss and take profit levels. More info on Tick and Percentage based stops and targets.
Key Points for successful Trade Management settings application:
1. The ATM template name and qty must match what's saved on Ninja
2. You can choose either ticks or percentage based application - but not both.
3. The stops and target levels need to be offset based on the directional price scale. If you're buying then the stop requires a negative sign and vise versa for Sell orders.
Buy Example:
Take Profit = 50
Stop Loss = -20
CROSSTRADE ADVANCED OPTIONS
Features such as our Flatten first, Require Market Position, Delay Timer, Rate Limiting, and Max Position command enhancements have also been included. More info on these can be found in our Help Docs.
INSTUCTIONS FOR ALERT CREATION
Remove the default info provided by the strategy and then add your CrossTrade secret key and the dynamic strategy variable {{strategy.order.alert_message}}
For example:
Key=your-secret-key;
{{strategy.order.alert_message}}
Trade well,
- CrossTrade Team
IU Higher Timeframe MA Cross StrategyIU Higher Timeframe MA Cross Strategy
The IU Higher Timeframe MA Cross Strategy is a versatile trading tool designed to identify trend by utilizing two customizable moving averages (MAs) across different timeframes and types. This strategy includes detailed entry and exit rules with fully configurable inputs, offering flexibility to suit various trading styles.
Key Features:
- Two moving averages (MA1 and MA2) with customizable types, lengths, sources, and timeframes.
- Both long and short trade setups based on MA crossovers.
- Integrated risk management with adjustable stop-loss and take-profit levels based on a user-defined risk-to-reward (RTR) ratio.
- Clear visualization of MAs, entry points, stop-loss, and take-profit zones.
Inputs:
1. Risk-to-Reward Ratio (RTR):
- Defines the take-profit level in relation to the stop-loss distance. Default is 2.
2. MA1 Settings:
- Source: Select the data source for calculating MA1 (e.g., close, open, high, low). Default is close.
- Timeframe: Specify the timeframe for MA1 calculation. Default is 60 (60-minute chart).
- Length: Set the lookback period for MA1 calculation. Default is 20.
- Type: Choose the type of moving average (options: SMA, EMA, SMMA, WMA, VWMA). Default is EMA.
- Smooth: Option to enable or disable smoothing of MA1 to merge gaps. Default is true.
3. MA2 Settings:
- Source: Select the data source for calculating MA2 (e.g., close, open, high, low). Default is close.
- Timeframe: Specify the timeframe for MA2 calculation. Default is 60 (60-minute chart).
- Length: Set the lookback period for MA2 calculation. Default is 50.
- Type: Choose the type of moving average (options: SMA, EMA, SMMA, WMA, VWMA). Default is EMA.
- Smooth: Option to enable or disable smoothing of MA2 to merge gaps. Default is true.
Entry Rules:
- Long Entry:
- Triggered when MA1 crosses above MA2 (crossover).
- Entry is confirmed only when the bar is closed and no existing position is active.
- Short Entry:
- Triggered when MA1 crosses below MA2 (crossunder).
- Entry is confirmed only when the bar is closed and no existing position is active.
Exit Rules:
- Stop-Loss:
- For long positions: Set at the low of the bar preceding the entry.
- For short positions: Set at the high of the bar preceding the entry.
- Take-Profit:
- For long positions: Calculated as (Entry Price - Stop-Loss) * RTR + Entry Price.
- For short positions: Calculated as Entry Price - (Stop-Loss - Entry Price) * RTR.
Visualization:
- Plots MA1 and MA2 on the chart with distinct colors for easy identification.
- Highlights stop-loss and take-profit levels using shaded zones for clear visual representation.
- Displays the entry level for active positions.
This strategy provides a robust framework for traders to identify and act on trend reversals while maintaining strict risk management. The flexibility of its inputs allows for seamless customization to adapt to various market conditions and trading preferences.
Gold Trade Setup Strategy
Title: Profitable Gold Setup Strategy with Adaptive Moving Average & Supertrend
Introduction:
This trading strategy for Gold (XAU/USD) combines the Adaptive Moving Average (AMA) and Supertrend, tailored for high-probability setups during specific trading hours. The AMA identifies the trend, while the Supertrend confirms entry and exit points. The strategy is optimized for swing and intraday traders looking to capitalize on Gold’s price movements with precise trade timing.
Strategy Components:
1. Adaptive Moving Average (AMA):
• Reacts dynamically to market conditions, filtering noise in choppy markets.
• Serves as the primary trend indicator.
2. Supertrend:
• Confirms entry signals with clear buy and sell levels.
• Acts as a trailing stop-loss to protect profits.
Trading Rules:
Trading Hours:
• Only take trades between 8:30 AM and 10:30 PM IST.
• Avoid trading outside these hours to reduce noise and low-volume setups.
Buy Setup:
1. Trend Confirmation: The Adaptive Moving Average (AMA) must be green.
2. Signal Confirmation: The Supertrend should turn green after the AMA is green.
3. Trigger: Take the trade when the high of the trigger candle (the candle that turned Supertrend green) is broken.
Sell Setup (Optional if included):
• Reverse the rules for a short trade: AMA and Supertrend should both indicate bearish conditions (red), and take the trade when the low of the trigger candle is broken.
Stop-Loss and Targets:
• Place the stop-loss at the low of the trigger candle for long trades.
• Set a 1:2 risk-reward ratio or use the Supertrend line as a trailing stop-loss.
Timeframes:
• Recommended timeframes: 1H, 4H, or Daily for swing trading.
• For intraday trading, use 15-minute or 30-minute charts.
Why This Strategy Works:
• Combines trend-following (AMA) with momentum-based entries (Supertrend).
• Focused trading hours filter out low-probability setups.
• Provides precise entry, stop-loss, and target levels for disciplined trading.
Conclusion:
This Gold Setup Strategy is designed for traders seeking a structured approach to trading Gold. Follow the rules strictly, backtest the strategy extensively, and share your results. Let’s master the Gold market together!
Tags: #Gold #XAUUSD #SwingTrading #Intraday #Supertrend #AMA #TechnicalAnalysis #GoldStrategy
IU 4 Bar UP StrategyIU 4 Bar UP Strategy
The IU 4 Bar UP Strategy is a trend-following strategy designed to identify and execute long trades during strong bullish momentum, combined with confirmation from the SuperTrend indicator. This strategy is suitable for traders aiming to capitalize on sustained upward market movements.
Features :
1. SuperTrend Confirmation: Incorporates the SuperTrend indicator as a dynamic support/resistance line to filter trades in the direction of the trend.
2. 4 Consecutive Bullish Bars: Detects a series of 4 bullish candles as a signal for strong upward momentum, ensuring robust trade setups.
3. Dynamic Alerts: Sends alerts for trade entries and exits to keep traders informed.
4. Visual Enhancements:
- Plots the SuperTrend indicator on the chart.
- Changes the background color while a trade is active for easy visualization.
Inputs :
- SuperTrend ATR Period: The period used to calculate the Average True Range (ATR) for the SuperTrend indicator.
- SuperTrend ATR Factor: The multiplier for the ATR in the SuperTrend calculation.
Entry Conditions :
A long entry is triggered when:
1. The last 4 consecutive candles are bullish (closing prices are higher than opening prices).
2. The current price is above the SuperTrend line.
3. The strategy is not already in a position.
4. The bar is confirmed (not a partially formed bar).
When all these conditions are met, the strategy enters a long position and provides an alert:
"Long Entry triggered"
Exit Conditions :
The strategy exits the long position when:
1. The closing price drops below the SuperTrend line.
2. An alert is generated: "Close the long Trade"
Visualization :
- The SuperTrend line is plotted, dynamically colored:
- Green when the trend is bullish.
- Red when the trend is bearish.
- The background color turns semi-transparent green while a trade is active, indicating a long position.
Do use proper risk management while using this strategy.
Temporary Help Services Jobs - Trend Allocation StrategyThis strategy is designed to capitalize on the economic trends represented by the Temporary Help Services (TEMPHELPS) index, which is published by the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED). Temporary Help Services Jobs are often regarded as a leading indicator of labor market conditions, as changes in temporary employment levels frequently precede broader employment trends.
Methodology:
Data Source: The strategy uses the FRED dataset TEMPHELPS for monthly data on temporary help services.
Trend Definition:
Uptrend: When the current month's value is greater than the previous month's value.
Downtrend: When the current month's value is less than the previous month's value.
Entry Condition: A long position is opened when an uptrend is detected, provided no position is currently held.
Exit Condition: The long position is closed when a downtrend is detected.
Scientific Basis:
The TEMPHELPS index serves as a leading economic indicator, as noted in studies analyzing labor market cyclicality (e.g., Katz & Krueger, 1999). Temporary employment is often considered a proxy for broader economic conditions, particularly in predicting recessions or recoveries. Incorporating this index into trading strategies allows for aligning trades with potential macroeconomic shifts, as suggested by research on employment trends and market performance (Autor, 2001; Valetta & Bengali, 2013).
Usage:
This strategy is best suited for long-term investors or macroeconomic trend followers who wish to leverage labor market signals for equity or futures trading. It operates exclusively on end-of-month data, ensuring minimal transaction costs and noise.
McClellan A-D Volume Integration ModelThe strategy integrates the McClellan A-D Oscillator with an adjustment based on the Advance/Decline (A-D) volume data. The McClellan Oscillator is calculated by taking the difference between the short-term and long-term exponential moving averages (EMAs) of the A-D line. This strategy introduces an enhancement where the A-D volume (the difference between the advancing and declining volume) is factored in to adjust the oscillator value.
Inputs:
• ema_short_length: The length for the short-term EMA of the A-D line.
• ema_long_length: The length for the long-term EMA of the A-D line.
• osc_threshold_long: The threshold below which the oscillator must drop for an entry signal to trigger.
• exit_periods: The number of periods after which the position is closed.
• Data Sources:
• ad_advance and ad_decline are the data sources for advancing and declining issues, respectively.
• vol_advance and vol_decline are the volume data for the advancing and declining issues. If volume data is unavailable, it defaults to na (Not Available), and the fallback logic ensures that the strategy continues to function.
McClellan Oscillator with Volume Adjustment:
• The A-D line is calculated by subtracting the declining issues from the advancing issues. Then, the volume difference is applied to this line, creating a “weighted” A-D line.
• The short and long EMAs are calculated for the weighted A-D line to generate the McClellan Oscillator.
Entry Condition:
• The strategy looks for a reversal signal, where the oscillator falls below the threshold and then rises above it again. The condition is designed to trigger a long position when this reversal happens.
Exit Condition:
• The position is closed after a set number of periods (exit_periods) have passed since the entry.
Plotting:
• The McClellan Oscillator and the threshold are plotted on the chart for visual reference.
• Entry and exit signals are highlighted with background colors to make the signals more visible.
Scientific Background:
The McClellan A-D Oscillator is a popular market breadth indicator developed by Sherman and Marian McClellan. It is used to gauge the underlying strength of a market by analyzing the difference between the number of advancing and declining stocks. The oscillator is typically calculated using exponential moving averages (EMAs) of the A-D line, with the idea being that crossovers of these EMAs indicate potential changes in the market’s direction.
The integration of A-D volume into this model adds another layer of analysis, as volume is often considered a leading indicator of price movement. By factoring in volume, the strategy becomes more sensitive to not just the number of advancing or declining stocks but also how significant those movements are based on trading volume, as discussed in Schwager, J. D. (1999). Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets. This enhanced version aims to capture stronger and more sustainable trends in the market, helping to filter out false signals.
Additionally, volume analysis is often used to confirm price movements, as described in Wyckoff, R. (1931). The Day Trading System. Therefore, incorporating the volume of advancing and declining stocks in the McClellan Oscillator offers a more robust signal for trading decisions.
Z-Strike RecoveryThis strategy utilizes the Z-Score of daily changes in the VIX (Volatility Index) to identify moments of extreme market panic and initiate long entries. Scientific research highlights that extreme volatility levels often signal oversold markets, providing opportunities for mean-reversion strategies.
How the Strategy Works
Calculation of Daily VIX Changes:
The difference between today’s and yesterday’s VIX closing prices is calculated.
Z-Score Calculation:
The Z-Score quantifies how far the current change deviates from the mean (average), expressed in standard deviations:
Z-Score=(Daily VIX Change)−MeanStandard Deviation
Z-Score=Standard Deviation(Daily VIX Change)−Mean
The mean and standard deviation are computed over a rolling period of 16 days (default).
Entry Condition:
A long entry is triggered when the Z-Score exceeds a threshold of 1.3 (adjustable).
A high positive Z-Score indicates a strong overreaction in the market (panic).
Exit Condition:
The position is closed after 10 periods (days), regardless of market behavior.
Visualizations:
The Z-Score is plotted to make extreme values visible.
Horizontal threshold lines mark entry signals.
Bars with entry signals are highlighted with a blue background.
This strategy is particularly suitable for mean-reverting markets, such as the S&P 500.
Scientific Background
Volatility and Market Behavior:
Studies like Whaley (2000) demonstrate that the VIX, known as the "fear gauge," is highly correlated with market panic phases. A spike in the VIX is often interpreted as an oversold signal due to excessive hedging by investors.
Source: Whaley, R. E. (2000). The investor fear gauge. Journal of Portfolio Management, 26(3), 12-17.
Z-Score in Financial Strategies:
The Z-Score is a proven method for detecting statistical outliers and is widely used in mean-reversion strategies.
Source: Chan, E. (2009). Quantitative Trading. Wiley Finance.
Mean-Reversion Approach:
The strategy builds on the mean-reversion principle, which assumes that extreme market movements tend to revert to the mean over time.
Source: Jegadeesh, N., & Titman, S. (1993). Returns to Buying Winners and Selling Losers: Implications for Stock Market Efficiency. Journal of Finance, 48(1), 65-91.
VIX Spike StrategyThis script implements a trading strategy based on the Volatility Index (VIX) and its standard deviation. It aims to enter a long position when the VIX exceeds a certain number of standard deviations above its moving average, which is a signal of a volatility spike. The position is then exited after a set number of periods.
VIX Symbol (vix_symbol): The input allows the user to specify the symbol for the VIX index (typically "CBOE:VIX").
Standard Deviation Length (stddev_length): The number of periods used to calculate the standard deviation of the VIX. This can be adjusted by the user.
Standard Deviation Multiplier (stddev_multiple): This multiplier is used to determine how many standard deviations above the moving average the VIX must exceed to trigger a long entry.
Exit Periods (exit_periods): The user specifies how many periods after entering the position the strategy will exit the trade.
Strategy Logic:
Data Loading: The script loads the VIX data, both for the current timeframe and as a rescaled version for calculation purposes.
Standard Deviation Calculation: It calculates both the moving average (SMA) and the standard deviation of the VIX over the specified period (stddev_length).
Entry Condition: A long position is entered when the VIX exceeds the moving average by a specified multiple of its standard deviation (calculated as vix_mean + stddev_multiple * vix_stddev).
Exit Condition: After the position is entered, it will be closed after the user-defined number of periods (exit_periods).
Visualization:
The VIX is plotted in blue.
The moving average of the VIX is plotted in orange.
The threshold for the VIX, which is the moving average plus the standard deviation multiplier, is plotted in red.
The background turns green when the entry condition is met, providing a visual cue.
Sources:
The VIX is often used as a measure of market volatility, with high values indicating increased uncertainty in the market.
Standard deviation is a statistical measure of the variability or dispersion of a set of data points. In financial markets, it is used to measure the volatility of asset prices.
References:
Bollerslev, T. (1986). "Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity." Journal of Econometrics.
Black, F., & Scholes, M. (1973). "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities." Journal of Political Economy.
IU open equal to high/low strategyIU open equal to high/low strategy:
The "IU Open Equal to High/Low Strategy" is designed to identify and trade specific market conditions where the day's first price action shows a strong directional bias. This strategy automatically enters trades based on the relationship between the market's open price and its first high or low of the day.
Entry Conditions:
1. Long Entry: A long position is initiated when the first open price of the session equals the day's first low. This signals a potential upward move.
2. Short Entry: A short position is initiated when the first open price of the session equals the day's first high. This signals a potential downward move.
Exit Conditions:
1. Stop Loss (SL): For both long and short trades, the stop loss is calculated based on the low or high of the candle where the position was entered.
2. Take Profit (TP): The take profit is set using a Risk-to-Reward (RTR) ratio, which is customizable by the user. The TP is calculated relative to the entry price and the distance between the entry and the stop loss.
Additional Features:
- Plots are used to visualize the entry price, stop loss, and take profit levels directly on the chart, providing clear and actionable insights.
- Labels are displayed to indicate the occurrence of the "Open == Low" or "Open == High" conditions for easier identification of potential trade setups.
- A dynamic fill highlights the areas between the entry price and the stop loss or take profit, offering a clear visual representation of the trade's risk and reward zones.
This strategy is designed for traders looking to capitalize on directional momentum at the start of the trading session. It is customizable, allowing users to set their desired Risk-to-Reward ratio and tailor the strategy to fit their trading style.
Bitcoin Exponential Profit Strategy### Strategy Description:
The **Bitcoin Trading Strategy** is an **Exponential Moving Average (EMA) crossover strategy** designed to identify bullish trends for Bitcoin.
1. **Indicators**:
- **Fast EMA (default 9 periods)**: Represents the short-term trend.
- **Slow EMA (default 21 periods)**: Represents the longer-term trend.
2. **Entry Condition**:
- A **bullish crossover** occurs when the Fast EMA crosses above the Slow EMA.
- The strategy enters a **long position** with a user-defined order size (default 0.01 BTC).
3. **Exit Conditions**:
- **Take Profit**: Closes the position when the profit target is reached (default $100).
- **Stop Loss**: Closes the position when the price drops below the stop loss level (default $50).
- **Bearish Crossunder**: Closes the position when the Fast EMA crosses below the Slow EMA.
4. **Visual Signals**:
- **BUY signals**: Displayed when a bullish crossover occurs.
- **SELL signals**: Displayed when a bearish crossunder occurs.
This strategy is optimized for trend-following behavior, ensuring positions are aligned with upward-moving trends while managing risk through clear stop-loss and take-profit levels.
Tomas Ratio Strategy with Multi-Timeframe AnalysisHello,
I would like to present my new indicator I have compiled together inspired by Calmar Ratio which is a ratio that measures gains vs losers but with a little twist.
Basically the idea is that if HLC3 is above HLC3 (or previous one) it will count as a gain and it will calculate the percentage of winners in last 720 hourly bars and then apply 168 hour standard deviation to the weekly average daily gains.
The idea is that you're supposed to buy if the thick blue line goes up and not buy if it goes down (signalized by the signal line). I liked that idea a lot, but I wanted to add an option to fire open and close signals. I have also added a logic that it not open more trades in relation the purple line which shows confidence in buying.
As input I recommend only adjusting the amount of points required to fire a signal. Note that the lower amount you put, the more open trades it will allow (and vice versa)
Feel free to remove that limiter if you want to. It works without it as well, this script is meant for inexperienced eye.
I will also publish a indicator script with this limiter removed and alerts added for you to test this strategy if you so choose to.
Also, I have added that the trades will enter only if price is above 720 period EMA
Disclaimer
This strategy is for educational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Always backtest thoroughly and adjust parameters based on your trading style and market conditions.
Made in collaboration with ChatGPT.
Custom Strategy: ETH Martingale 2.0Strategic characteristics
ETH Little Martin 2.0 is a self-developed trading strategy based on the Martingale strategy, mainly used for trading ETH (Ethereum). The core idea of this strategy is to place orders in the same direction at a fixed price interval, and then use Martin's multiple investment principle to reduce losses, but this is also the main source of losses.
Parameter description:
1 Interval: The minimum spacing for taking profit, stop loss, and opening/closing of orders. Different targets have different spacing. Taking ETH as an example, it is generally recommended to have a spacing of 2% for fluctuations in the target.
2 Base Price: This is the price at which you triggered the first order. Similarly, I am using ETH as an example. If you have other targets, I suggest using the initial value of a price that can be backtesting. The Base Price is only an initial order price and has no impact on subsequent orders.
3 Initial Order Amount: Users can set an initial order amount to control the risk of each transaction. If the stop loss is reached, we will double the amount based on this value. This refers to the value of the position held, not the number of positions held.
4 Loss Multiplier: The strategy will increase the next order amount based on the set multiple after the stop loss, in order to make up for the previous losses through a larger position. Note that after taking profit, it will be reset to 1 times the Initial Order Amount.
5. Long Short Operation: The first order of the strategy is a multiple entry, and in subsequent orders, if the stop loss is reached, a reverse order will be opened. The position value of a one-way order is based on the Loss Multiplier multiple investment, so it is generally recommended that the Loss Multiplier default to 2.
Improvement direction
Although this strategy already has a certain trading logic, there are still some improvement directions that can be considered:
1. Dynamic adjustment of spacing: Currently, the spacing is fixed, and it can be considered to dynamically adjust the spacing based on market volatility to improve the adaptability of the strategy. Try using dynamic spacing, which may be more suitable for the actual market situation.
2. Filtering criteria: Orders and no orders can be optimized separately. The biggest problem with this strategy is that it will result in continuous losses during fluctuations, and eventually increase the investment amount. You can consider filtering out some fluctuations or only focusing on trend trends.
3. Risk management: Add more risk management measures, such as setting a maximum loss limit to avoid huge losses caused by continuous stop loss.
4. Optimize the stop loss multiple: Currently, the stop loss multiple is fixed, and it can be considered to dynamically adjust the multiple according to market conditions to reduce risk.
IU Opening range Breakout StrategyIU Opening Range Breakout Strategy
This Pine Script strategy is designed to capitalize on the breakout of the opening range, which is a popular trading approach. The strategy identifies the high and low prices of the opening session and takes trades based on price crossing these levels, with built-in risk management and trade limits for intraday trading.
Key Features:
1. Risk Management:
- Risk-to-Reward Ratio (RTR):
Set a customizable risk-to-reward ratio to calculate target prices based on stop-loss levels.
Default: 2:1
- Max Trades in a Day:
Specify the maximum number of trades allowed per day to avoid overtrading.
Default: 2 trades in a day.
- End-of-Day Close:
Automatically closes all open positions at a user-defined session end time to ensure no overnight exposure.
Default: 3:15 PM
2. Opening Range Identification
- Opening Range High and Low:
The script detects the high and low of the first trading session using Pine Script's session functions.
These levels are plotted as visual guides on the chart:
- High: Lime-colored circles.
- Low: Red-colored circles.
3. Trade Entry Logic
- Long Entry:
A long trade is triggered when the price closes above the opening range high.
- Entry condition: Crossover of the price above the opening range high.
-Short Entry:
A short trade is triggered when the price closes below the opening range low.
- Entry condition: Crossunder of the price below the opening range low.
Both entries are conditional on the absence of an existing position.
4. Stop Loss and Take Profit
- Long Position:
- Stop Loss: Previous candle's low.
- Take Profit: Calculated based on the RTR.
- **Short Position:**
- **Stop Loss:** Previous candle's high.
- **Take Profit:** Calculated based on the RTR.
The strategy plots these levels for visual reference:
- Stop Loss: Red dashed lines.
- Take Profit: Green dashed lines.
5. Visual Enhancements
-Trade Level Highlighting:
The script dynamically shades the areas between the entry price and SL/TP levels:
- Red shading for the stop-loss region.
- Green shading for the take-profit region.
- Entry Price Line:
A silver-colored line marks the average entry price for active trades.
How to Use:
1.Input Configuration:
Adjust the Risk-to-Reward ratio, max trades per day, and session end time to suit your trading preferences.
2.Visual Cues:
Use the opening range high/low lines and shading to identify potential breakout opportunities.
3.Execution:
The strategy will automatically enter and exit trades based on the conditions. Review the plotted SL and TP levels to monitor the risk-reward setup.
Important Notes:
- This strategy is designed for intraday trading and works best in markets with high volatility during the opening session.
- Backtest the strategy on your preferred market and timeframe to ensure compatibility.
- Proper risk management and position sizing are essential when using this strategy in live markets.
linreg-gridbotLinreg-GridBot
>release note version 1<
Introduction
This script is a powerful trading strategy tool designed to help users identify market reversal points and make smarter trading decisions using grid thinking.
Background
Traditional grid/martingale strategies have several drawbacks: inefficient use of capital, premature grid boundaries, and trading at fixed intervals, all of which significantly reduce profitability. Since, there is not a gridbot can trail-stop at each level, stay close with the trend, and do better capital usage, tradalive has created this advanced gridbot to address these issues, and enhance the profitability.
How does it work?
Imagine plotting closes on a graph, where the x-axis represents the time-intervals and the y-axis represents the price. Linear regression would fit a straight line through these points that best represents the trend of the data.
In this script utilize the built-in to find consecutive slopes at each moment, and combine them to a smooth trend line. When turning point censored, an entry is placed right after the next bar. Then the gridbot starts working, the upper limit and lower limit is calculated by built-in , for example 3 ATRs above and under the entry price.
There is a 0.2 trailing stop for each step level. Also, when built-in VWMA is rising, this script uses built-in ROC to find the average change of lookback length, then move the grid upwards accordingly.
Size trading is crucial, in gridbot all-in when beginning the trade is risky, because turning point does not guarantee a reversal market upcoming. As a grid trader, we believe the price is relatively cheap near the lower limit, and the price is relatively expensive near the upper limit. Properly sized orders help prevent overexposure and reduce the potential for significant losses.
Features
Trend Detection: Utilizes linear regression to differentiate between upward and downward trends, displaying them as (orange) trend lines on the chart.
Signal Generation: Provides buy or sell signals at reversal points, helping users trade at optimal times.
Adjustable Parameters: Allows users to customize different indicator parameters to fit various trading strategies.
Backtested Device Parameters (see appendix)
Grid Parameters
🔃: Cyclic Trading
💰: Capital Turnover Ratio (Grid capital difference per level: 0.5 to 2)
⬆️ / ⬇️ Expected Number of Upward and Downward Grids.
The minimum number of grids is three: one level above and below the current price.
The maximum number of grids is seven: three levels above and below the current price.
🧭: Trade Signal: Controls the trading direction, long or short;
📏: Linear regression length value.
⏳⌛Backtest Period: Set the time range for users to analyze the performance of the strategy over different periods.
Analytic Toolbox (upper right corner) :
Usage Instructions
Add this script to your TradingView account.
Apply the script to your chart.
Adjust the parameters to fit your trading needs.
Make trading decisions based on the buy and sell signals.
Manually place orders on your trading platform using the parameters provided.
Enter grid parameters according to the highest and lowest prices.
Fill in the number of grid levels (the number of grids equals the number of upward grids plus the number of downward grids plus one).
Set stop-loss and take-profit values.
Alternatively, use a webhook to connect to your trading platform for automated trading.
Important Notes
This script currently only supports 4-hour and daily charts!
This script relies on historical data for calculations and may not be suitable for all market conditions.
Trading carries risks, so please use this script cautiously for trading decisions.
User has to update the backtest period, or else the strategy might not be seen.
Demostration
Phase one, the orange line is about to turn up.
Phase two, the reversal point is located, and right after the next bar start an entry of gridbot.
Phase Three, the gridbot operates, once level touches, then a 0.2ATR trailing stop is applied on each step.
Phase four, when vwma rises, the grid window follows it by the rate of change of lookback price. If vwma does not move up, then the grid boundaries remain.
Phase five, either side when the current price breaks through the white limits, the gridbot stops. And the trading strategy is done for this round.
LETF Leveraged Edge Strategy v1.5Overview
The strategy is based on Stochastics to detect trends and then makes Buys and Sell based on custom entry and exit criteria as described below in the Execution Logic Rules section. It will NOT work with standard Stochastics.
This is not a standard Stochastics implementation. It has been customized and modified, and does not match any widely known Stochastics variations (like Fast, Slow, or Full Stochastics) in its smoothing and iterative calculation process with:
• A unique smoothing mechanism.
• Iterative calculations.
• Additional conditional logic for strategy execution.
This strategy is designed to focus on volatile, liquid leveraged ETFs to capture gains equal to or better than Buy and Hold, and mitigate the risk of trading with a goal of reducing drawdown to a lot less than Buy and Hold. It has had successful backtest performance to varying degrees with TQQQ, SOXL, FNGU, TECL, FAS, UPRO, NAIL and SPXL. Results have not been good on other LETFs that have been backtested.
Performance
In this backtest the Net Profit shows to be $4,561 or 45.61%. Considering the initial order size was $1,000 I have to wonder if the Strategy Tester is calculating this correctly. The Strategy Tester Performance Summary shows the Buy and Hold Return at $61,165 or 611.7%. Based on calculating the price of the last shares sold, less the price paid, times the number of initial shares purchased, my math shows the Buy and Hold Gain at $4,572 or about equal with the strategy performance in this case. The Performance Summary also states the strategy had a Max DD of 3.46% which I believe is incorrect. Based on other backtests I’ve done, I believe the strategy drawdown here was closer to 28.4% and the Buy and Hold Drawdown at 82.7%. I manually calculated the Buy and Hold drawdown.
How it Works
The author provides training and support resource materials for this at his website. The strategy execution logic is driven by these rules:
Execution Logic Rules
Buy the LETF When:
BR #1a) The Daily Fast Line (FL) crosses above the Daily Slow Line (SL) and the FL is between the Low (L*) and High (H*) Range set (often referred to as Oversold and Overbought Lines). This can execute (Buy) any trading day of the week.
BR #1b) Re-Buy the next day after any Stop or Take Profit Sell if the Buy Rule condition is true (FL is above SL), if not, remain in cash and wait for the next Buy Signal.
Sell the LETF When:
SR #1a) The Daily Fast Line (FL) crosses below Daily Slow Line (SL) within the Low (L*) and High (H*) Range (often referred to as Oversold and Overbought Lines). “Crossunder Range Exit” This can execute (Sell) any trading day of the week.
SR #1b) If the (FL) crosses Below the SL above the Exit Level*, wait. Only Sell if the FL drops down below the Exit Level* “Crossunder Level Exit” This can execute (Sell) any trading day of the week.
SR #2a) Sell at the open any day the gap-down price is at or below the 1-Day Stop%*, based on previous day’s closing price (Execute on the day it happens.)
SR #2b) Sell intraday any day the price is at or below the 1-Day Stop %*, based on previous day’s closing price (Execute on the day it happens.)
SR #3a) Sell at the open any day the price is at or below the Trailing Stop %*, based on highest intraday price since Buy date (Execute on the day it happens.)
SR #3b) Sell intraday any day the price is at or below the Trailing Stop%*, based on highest intraday price since Buy date (Execute on the day it happens.)
SR #4) Sell any day when the opening price exceeds, or intraday price meets the Profit Target % price* (Execute on the day it happens.)
SR #5) After each Sell go to Rule BR #1b to determine if a Re-Buy should occur the next day, or stay in cash until next Buy Signal
Settings:
Properties Tab – Initial Capital has been set to $10,000 and order size 10% of Equity, 0.1% commission and 3 Ticks for slippage. Net order size is $1,000
Input Tab:
Stochastic
Timeframe is selected to Daily or Weekly based on preference. Daily has more trades, but on average higher profitability.
Type: Proprietary (best selection for most LETFs, but a few will work better with the Full selection
%k Length 20, %K Smoothing 14, %D Smoothing (many LETFs work better with a specific Stoch setting, often each different) A List of these is provided for your starting point.
Trade Settings
Direction: Longs (This strategy only works on the Long side)
Stop Type: Trailing is recommended, but Fixed is an option.
Stop % (based on user risk tolerance)
PD Stop % (Suggest start at 5%. Based on volatility of LETF and is a stop percentage from prior day’s close. Designed to protect against sudden market volatility. Will need to balance between strategy performance and user risk tolerance)
Profit Target: User preference. (I can help with suggestions based on historical performance)
Entry/Exit Conditions
Enter on Tie: Default Checked – if a Fast line crosses a Slow line for a Buy signal, but doesn’t do so in the range set, this will trigger if it crosses at a tie.
Renter – Default Checked – If stopped out of a position, this tells the strategy to re-buy the position the next day if the conditions are still positive.
Exit Level: This is a exit level for a Fast cross below a Slow line that takes place above the Sell Range, but only happens if the Fast continues down to the level set. These usually don’t happen often, but can have a significant impact on performance. Unfortunately, it’s a trial and error process starting with 90 and working down to see if there’s any positive impact.
Trade Range
Buy Range: Start at typical 20 to 80. Expand the low end down first to check on performance impact. Normally a wide buying range is better for performance.
Sell Range: Start at 20 to 80 and tighten gradually to see performance impact. In some cases a very tight sell range does better. I have worked on our primary LETFs for many months to determine ranges for each that typically produce better results.
External Indicator: Some additional indicators have a positive impact on the strategy performance by increasing P/l, reducing drawdown and reducing the number of trades. This is not always the case and each LETF and time period for the LETF will have a bearing on whether the secondary indicator will help or not. Two that have helped are the MACD Histogram, and the Sloe-Velocity Indicator by Kamleshkumar43. Sometimes a couple of different indicators will have a positive impact, then it’s a personal preference which you pick to use with the strategy.
Since this strategy is focused on a very narrow selection of liquid LETFs, I have a lot of experience experimenting with the settings for the primary ones and can suggest things that will help. Additional training on the rules, working with the settings, and mitigating some of the negative trades during choppy markets is available at the website.
Chart
The strategy can be selected to use either a Daily or Weekly version of stochastic. This is important because the characteristics are different while still generating very good gains and minimal drawdowns. Generally, the daily stochastic will have a greater number of, and certainly more frequent, trades than the weekly stochastic. However, on average the daily version of the stochastic will generates greater profitability.
The Settings tabs have tooltip icons that will assist in inputting values that correspond to the written rules for the strategy, and some include specific rule detail.
Buying
The strategy generates Buy signals with the Fast line crossing over the Slow line within a “Buy Range” which is adjusted based on volatility of the leveraged ETF. This is unique in that a default is set for these entries to occur if the values are tied and doesn’t need to be within the high and low range if that occurs. The trader can select in the strategy for this to occur the same day, if he’s selected a Daily Stochastic timeframe, or at the end of the trading week if he’s selected a Weekly stochastic timeframe. The volatility of a leveraged ETF will sometimes cause a shake-out exit, a trailing stop can be hit, or there can be an exit based on taking a profit. A big part of the timing challenge was how to handle these. The strategy normally (set as a default) will immediately re-buy the next day only if the original buy conditions are still true. This helps capture gains when conditions are still favorable but keeps the trader out when they’re not.
Selling
Exits are handled in several ways. The strategy will exit if there is a fast line cross below a slow line within the “range”. The range is adjusted based on volatility of the leveraged ETF. The exit occurs at the close of the day if the trader has selected to use a Daily stochastic setting. The exit will occur at the end of the trading week if the trader has chosen a weekly stochastic strategy. The trader will set a level based on the instrument and volatility for another exit type. The level will sometimes coincide with the range exit high level but does not need to. If a fast line crosses down through a slow line above the level set, and then comes down to that level, the strategy will exit the position.
Another unique aspect of the strategy is the PD Stop setting. This is short for “Prior Day”, Rather than a normal stop based on the price paid for a position, the PD Stop is based on a percentage drop from the previous day’s closing price. This helps account for the volatility of the leveraged ETF and will cause an exit quickly if there’s a market, or index moving event. This helps capture gains and reduce risk should there be continued pullback.
Exits will also occur based on setting a trailing stop level and profit taking level. These are adjusted based on the leveraged ETFs volatility and historical performance.
Limitations
Choppy, or sideways markets are the most prone to poor performance and potential for being stopped out multiple times. If stopped out two consecutive times, make sure you’re monitoring market health and there are clear signs of a new uptrend such as a 10D and 21D MA in proper alignment and moving up. If you get a Buy signal from the strategy and you’re not confident yet about market and price direction then it’s fine to wait a day, or several days, to enter after the Buy signal when you have greater confidence about market direction. The author can help with a short list of tactical rules developed for these sideways or choppy markets.
This strategy has proven successful backtest results with a very limited set of LETFs as discussed earlier. The author does not know if it will prove successful with any others, or other types of ETFs such as 2X or plain ETFs. A lot more testing needs to be done.
The strategy buys and sells , excluding stops or take profit, at the market close. It can be very challenging to enter an order at market close.
Disclaimer
Please remember that past performance may not be indicative of future results.
Due to various factors, including changing market conditions, the strategy may no longer perform as well as in historical backtesting. This post and the script do not provide any financial advice and are for educational and entertainment purposes only.
Gold Friday Anomaly StrategyThis script implements the " Gold Friday Anomaly Strategy ," a well-known historical trading strategy that leverages the gold market's behavior from Thursday evening to Friday close. It is a backtesting-focused strategy designed to assess the historical performance of this pattern. Traders use this anomaly as it captures a recurring market tendency observed over the years.
What It Does:
Entry Condition: The strategy enters a long position at the beginning of the Friday trading session (Thursday evening close) within the defined backtesting period.
Exit Condition: Friday evening close.
Backtesting Controls: Allows users to set custom backtesting periods to evaluate strategy performance over specific date ranges.
Key Features:
Custom Backtest Periods: Easily configurable inputs to set the start and end date of the backtesting range.
Fixed Slippage and Commission Settings: Ensures realistic simulation of trading conditions.
Process Orders on Close: Backtesting is optimized by processing orders at the bar's close.
Important Notes:
Backtesting Only: This script is intended purely for backtesting purposes. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Live Trading Recommendations: For live trading, it is highly recommended to use limit orders instead of market orders, especially during evening sessions, as market order slippage can be significant.
Default Settings:
Entry size: 10% of equity per trade.
Slippage: 1 tick.
Commission: 0.05% per trade.
BTCUSD Momentum After Abnormal DaysThis indicator identifies abnormal days in the Bitcoin market (BTCUSD) based on daily returns exceeding specific thresholds defined by a statistical approach. It is inspired by the findings of Caporale and Plastun (2020), who analyzed the cryptocurrency market's inefficiencies and identified exploitable patterns, particularly around abnormal returns.
Key Concept:
Abnormal Days:
Days where the daily return significantly deviates (positively or negatively) from the historical average.
Positive abnormal days: Returns exceed the mean return plus k times the standard deviation.
Negative abnormal days: Returns fall below the mean return minus k times the standard deviation.
Momentum Effect:
As described in the academic paper, on abnormal days, prices tend to move in the direction of the abnormal return until the end of the trading day, creating momentum effects. This can be leveraged by traders for profit opportunities.
How It Works:
Calculation:
The script calculates the daily return as the percentage difference between the open and close prices. It then derives the mean and standard deviation of returns over a configurable lookback period.
Thresholds:
The script dynamically computes upper and lower thresholds for abnormal days using the mean and standard deviation. Days exceeding these thresholds are flagged as abnormal.
Visualization:
The mean return and thresholds are plotted as dynamic lines.
Abnormal days are visually highlighted with transparent green (positive) or red (negative) backgrounds on the chart.
References:
This indicator is based on the methodology discussed in "Momentum Effects in the Cryptocurrency Market After One-Day Abnormal Returns" by Caporale and Plastun (2020). Their research demonstrates that hourly returns during abnormal days exhibit a strong momentum effect, moving in the same direction as the abnormal return. This behavior contradicts the efficient market hypothesis and suggests profitable trading opportunities.
"Prices tend to move in the direction of abnormal returns till the end of the day, which implies the existence of a momentum effect on that day giving rise to exploitable profit opportunities" (Caporale & Plastun, 2020).
BTC Seasonality Strategy (Weekly)This strategy identifies potential weekend opportunities in Bitcoin (BTC) markets by leveraging the concept of seasonality, entering a position at a predefined time and day, and exiting at a specified time and day.
Key Features
Customizable Time and Day Selection:
Users can select the entry and exit days and corresponding times (in EST).
Directional Flexibility:
The strategy allows traders to choose between long or short positions.
TradingView Compliance:
The script adheres to TradingView's house rules, avoids overly complex conditions, and provides clear user-configurable inputs.
How It Works
The script determines the current weekday and hour in EST, converting TradingView's UTC time for accurate comparisons.
If the current day and hour match the selected entry conditions, a trade (long or short) is opened.
The position is closed when the current day and hour match the specified exit conditions.
Theoretical Basis
Market Seasonality:
The concept of seasonality in financial markets refers to predictable patterns based on time, such as weekends or specific days of the week. Studies have shown that cryptocurrency markets exhibit unique trading behaviors during weekends due to reduced institutional activity and higher retail participation behavioral Biases**:
Retail traders often dominate weekend markets, potentially causing predictable inefficiencies .
Reverences**
Baur, D. G., Hong, K., & Lee, A. D. (2018). Bitcoin: Medium of exchange or speculative assets? Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 54, 177–189.
Urquhart, A. (2016). The inefficiency of Bitcoin. Economics Letters, 148, 80–82.
Optimized Grid with KNN_2.0Strategy Overview
This strategy, named "Optimized Grid with KNN_2.0," is designed to optimize trading decisions using a combination of grid trading, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, and a greedy algorithm. The strategy aims to maximize profits by dynamically adjusting entry and exit thresholds based on market conditions and historical data.
Key Components
Grid Trading:
The strategy uses a grid-based approach to place buy and sell orders at predefined price levels. This helps in capturing profits from market fluctuations.
K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Algorithm:
The KNN algorithm is used to optimize entry and exit points based on historical price data. It identifies the nearest neighbors (similar price movements) and adjusts the thresholds accordingly.
Greedy Algorithm:
The greedy algorithm is employed to dynamically adjust the stop-loss and take-profit levels. It ensures that the strategy captures maximum profits by adjusting thresholds based on recent price changes.
Detailed Explanation
Grid Trading:
The strategy defines a grid of price levels where buy and sell orders are placed. The openTh and closeTh parameters determine the thresholds for opening and closing positions.
The t3_fast and t3_slow indicators are used to generate trading signals based on the crossover and crossunder of these indicators.
KNN Algorithm:
The KNN algorithm is used to find the nearest neighbors (similar price movements) in the historical data. It calculates the distance between the current price and historical prices to identify the most similar price movements.
The algorithm then adjusts the entry and exit thresholds based on the average change in price of the nearest neighbors.
Greedy Algorithm:
The greedy algorithm dynamically adjusts the stop-loss and take-profit levels based on recent price changes. It ensures that the strategy captures maximum profits by adjusting thresholds in real-time.
The algorithm uses the average_change variable to calculate the average price change of the nearest neighbors and adjusts the thresholds accordingly.